NOTE
Quantitative Measurement of Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists Adsorbed to AlhydrogelR by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy QUINTON M. DOWLING, ALICIA M. SCHWARTZ, THOMAS S. VEDVICK, CHRISTOPHER B. FOX, RYAN M. KRAMER Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98102 Received 23 May 2014; revised 7 August 2014; accepted 2 September 2014 Published online 19 September 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/jps.24180 ABSTRACT: Aluminum salts have a long history as safe and effective vaccine adjuvants. In addition, aluminum salts have high adsorptive capacities for vaccine antigens and adjuvant molecules, for example, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists. However, the physicochemical properties of aluminum salts make direct quantitation of adsorbed molecules challenging. Typical methods for quantifying adsorbed molecules require advanced instrumentation, extreme sample processing, often destroy the sample, or rely on an indirect measurement. A simple, direct, and quantitative method for analysis of adsorbed adjuvant molecules is needed. This report presents a method utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a ZnSe-attenuated total reflectance attachment to directly measure low levels (
Quantitative Measurement of Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonists Adsorbed to AlhydrogelR by Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy QUINTON M. DOWLING, ALICIA M. SCHWARTZ, THOMAS S. VEDVICK, CHRISTOPHER B. FOX, RYAN M. KRAMER Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98102 Received 23 May 2014; revised 7 August 2014; accepted 2 September 2014 Published online 19 September 2014 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/jps.24180 ABSTRACT: Aluminum salts have a long history as safe and effective vaccine adjuvants. In addition, aluminum salts have high adsorptive capacities for vaccine antigens and adjuvant molecules, for example, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists. However, the physicochemical properties of aluminum salts make direct quantitation of adsorbed molecules challenging. Typical methods for quantifying adsorbed molecules require advanced instrumentation, extreme sample processing, often destroy the sample, or rely on an indirect measurement. A simple, direct, and quantitative method for analysis of adsorbed adjuvant molecules is needed. This report presents a method utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with a ZnSe-attenuated total reflectance attachment to directly measure low levels (
