RESEARCH ARTICLE
Regional Distribution and Evolution of Gray Matter Damage in Different Populations of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Massimiliano Calabrese1,2*, Richard Reynolds3, Roberta Magliozzi3,4, Marco Castellaro5, Aldo Morra2, Antonio Scalfari6, Gabriele Farina1,7, Chiara Romualdi8, Alberto Gajofatto1, Marco Pitteri1, Maria Donata Benedetti1, Salvatore Monaco1 1 Neurology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, 2 Neuroimaging Unit, Euganea Medica, Padova, Italy, 3 Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy, 5 Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, 6 Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 7 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, 8 Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Calabrese M, Reynolds R, Magliozzi R, Castellaro M, Morra A, Scalfari A, et al. (2015) Regional Distribution and Evolution of Gray Matter Damage in Different Populations of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135428. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0135428 Editor: Francisco J. Esteban, University of Jaén, SPAIN Received: April 3, 2015 Accepted: July 21, 2015
Abstract Background Both gray-matter (GM) atrophy and lesions occur from the earliest stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and are one of the major determinants of long-term clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the relationship between focal and diffuse GM damage has not been clarified yet. Here we investigate the regional distribution and temporal evolution of cortical thinning and how it is influenced by the local appearance of new GM lesions at different stages of the disease in different populations of MS patients.
Published: August 12, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Calabrese et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: M. Calabrese received consultancy fees from Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Novartis Pharma, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. R. Reynolds received consultancy fees from EMD Serono. R. Magliozzi, M. Castellaro, M. Morra, A. Scalfari, G. Farina, C. Romualdi, A. Gajofatto, M. Pitteri, M.D. Benedetti, and S. Monaco have nothing to disclose. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
Methods We studied twenty MS patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 27 with early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, disease duration
Regional Distribution and Evolution of Gray Matter Damage in Different Populations of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Massimiliano Calabrese1,2*, Richard Reynolds3, Roberta Magliozzi3,4, Marco Castellaro5, Aldo Morra2, Antonio Scalfari6, Gabriele Farina1,7, Chiara Romualdi8, Alberto Gajofatto1, Marco Pitteri1, Maria Donata Benedetti1, Salvatore Monaco1 1 Neurology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, 2 Neuroimaging Unit, Euganea Medica, Padova, Italy, 3 Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy, 5 Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, 6 Department of Medicine, Division of Brain Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience, Wolfson Neuroscience Laboratories, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 7 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy, 8 Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Citation: Calabrese M, Reynolds R, Magliozzi R, Castellaro M, Morra A, Scalfari A, et al. (2015) Regional Distribution and Evolution of Gray Matter Damage in Different Populations of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0135428. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0135428 Editor: Francisco J. Esteban, University of Jaén, SPAIN Received: April 3, 2015 Accepted: July 21, 2015
Abstract Background Both gray-matter (GM) atrophy and lesions occur from the earliest stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and are one of the major determinants of long-term clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, the relationship between focal and diffuse GM damage has not been clarified yet. Here we investigate the regional distribution and temporal evolution of cortical thinning and how it is influenced by the local appearance of new GM lesions at different stages of the disease in different populations of MS patients.
Published: August 12, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Calabrese et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: M. Calabrese received consultancy fees from Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Novartis Pharma, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. R. Reynolds received consultancy fees from EMD Serono. R. Magliozzi, M. Castellaro, M. Morra, A. Scalfari, G. Farina, C. Romualdi, A. Gajofatto, M. Pitteri, M.D. Benedetti, and S. Monaco have nothing to disclose. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
Methods We studied twenty MS patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 27 with early relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS, disease duration
