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Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iode20
Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro a
a
a
Liv Skartveit , Nils R. Gjerdet & Knut A. Selvig a
Department of Dental Research and Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Published online: 23 May 2015.
To cite this article: Liv Skartveit, Nils R. Gjerdet & Knut A. Selvig (1991) Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 49:3, 127-131 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016359109005896
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/ page/terms-and-conditions
Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro Liv Skairtveit, Nils R. Gjerdet and Knut A . Selvig Department of Dental Research and Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Downloaded by [NUS National University of Singapore] at 19:56 09 August 2015
Skartveit L, Gjerdet NR, Selvig KA. Release of Huoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF,, SnF,, and NaF in vitro. Acta Odontol Scand 1991;49:127-131. Oslo. ISSN 0001-6357. Aqueous solutions of TiF, cause a rapid uptake and a long-lasting retention of Huoridc when applied to dentin. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the pattern ol fluoride release after TiF, application in vitro, compared with SnF, and NaF application. TiF,. SnF,. and NaF were applied for 4 min and 1 min to standardized areas of six groups of root surface specimens immersed in distilled water. Untreated specimens were used as controls. The water was changed daily for 30 days, and F concentrations measured by an ion-selective electrode. All test groups showed a rapid decline in F concentration. In the 4-min group F concentration more than double the detection limit of the F electrode could be registercd the first 28 days for TiF,, 11 days for SnF,, and 7 daya for NaF. In the l-min group periods o f F registration were shorter. Analysis of Sn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed decreasing concentrations in the first 12-day samples in thc 1-min and 4-min groups. Traces of l i were found in the first few samples, but no pattern of release could be observed. 0 Cariostuiic agents; dentin; F electrode; in uitro .sludy; preuentiue dentistry
Liu Skartueir, Depurtmeni of Dental Research, Uniuervily of Bergen, Aarsladveien 17, I V - ~ ~ / O Y Bergen, Norway
Root surface caries is common among elderly people (1-3). Because the etiology of root caries is assumed to be similar to that of enamel caries, the same preventive strategies have been suggested (4,5). Aqueous solutions of TiF4 seem suitable for clinical use, since the uptake of fluoride is comparable to that from fluoride varnishes when applied to root surfaces in vitro and in vivo (6,7). Fluoride uptake is rapid (8),and both fluoride and titanium remain on dentin surfaces for an extended period of time (9,101. The purpose of the present study was to examine the magnitude and duration of fluoride release from root surfaces treated with a single topical application of a TiF4solution, compared with equiniolar solutions of the more clommonly used NaF and SnF, agents. Since it is possible that the presence of metal ions may influence the release pattern, the release of titanium and tin was also recorded.
Materials and methods Roots from young human premolars and third molars were used in the experiment. The teeth were stored in glass vials containing wet cotton and crystals of thymol until used. The roots were scaled with curettes and lightly polished with pumice in water to remove all soft-tissue remnants. The crowns were removed and the pulp chamber sealed with wax before the teeth were assigned to two groups for each of the three fluoride agents plus a control group. To obtain experimental areas of standardized size, adhesive paper discs with a diameter of 5 mm were attached all over the roots before they were painted with an acid-resistant nail varnish. A total unvarnished area of 981mm2 was used in each experimental group. In each group several teeth in one vessel were used to obtain sufficient solution volume and reliable concentration readings.
Downloaded by [NUS National University of Singapore] at 19:56 09 August 2015
ACTA ODONTOI SCAND 4V ( IYY I ]
Atter a pilot study the roots were immersed in the following solutions for the two assigned time periods: a) 3.4% TiF,, ( 1 1 M F ) , pH 1 .0, for 1min and 4 rnin; b) X 6 % SnF2, (1.1 M F ) , pH 2.3, for 1 min and 4 m i n ; c) 4.h’X NaF. (1.1 M F), pH 7.0, for 1 min a n d 4 min; and d) distilled water, cont rol. After immersion the specimens were irnrnedialely rinsed in 500 ml of distilled water for 30 sec under continuous stirring and transferred to 10 ml of distilled water. The water wa\ changed every 24h for 30days. and an ion buffer was added (TEA13 111, Orion Research Inc., Cambridge, Mass., USA). Fluoride concentrations were determined every day with :in ion-sclective electrode (cat. no. 96-0900, Microprocessor ionanalyzer/901, Orion liewarch Inc.) until a concentration less than tivice the detection limit given by the manul,tcturer (0.02 yg/ml) was reached. A n d y s e 5 of Ti and Sn were performed w i t h flamelev, atomic absorption spectropholomc try. The instrument was a Perkinklmer kI(iA-76B graphite furnace connected to a Perkin-Elmer 372 atomic absorpt i o n spectrophotometer and equipped with
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iode20
Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro a
a
a
Liv Skartveit , Nils R. Gjerdet & Knut A. Selvig a
Department of Dental Research and Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Published online: 23 May 2015.
To cite this article: Liv Skartveit, Nils R. Gjerdet & Knut A. Selvig (1991) Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro, Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 49:3, 127-131 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016359109005896
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/ page/terms-and-conditions
Release of fluoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF4, SnF2, and NaF in vitro Liv Skairtveit, Nils R. Gjerdet and Knut A . Selvig Department of Dental Research and Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Downloaded by [NUS National University of Singapore] at 19:56 09 August 2015
Skartveit L, Gjerdet NR, Selvig KA. Release of Huoride and metal ions from root surfaces after topical application of TiF,, SnF,, and NaF in vitro. Acta Odontol Scand 1991;49:127-131. Oslo. ISSN 0001-6357. Aqueous solutions of TiF, cause a rapid uptake and a long-lasting retention of Huoridc when applied to dentin. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the pattern ol fluoride release after TiF, application in vitro, compared with SnF, and NaF application. TiF,. SnF,. and NaF were applied for 4 min and 1 min to standardized areas of six groups of root surface specimens immersed in distilled water. Untreated specimens were used as controls. The water was changed daily for 30 days, and F concentrations measured by an ion-selective electrode. All test groups showed a rapid decline in F concentration. In the 4-min group F concentration more than double the detection limit of the F electrode could be registercd the first 28 days for TiF,, 11 days for SnF,, and 7 daya for NaF. In the l-min group periods o f F registration were shorter. Analysis of Sn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed decreasing concentrations in the first 12-day samples in thc 1-min and 4-min groups. Traces of l i were found in the first few samples, but no pattern of release could be observed. 0 Cariostuiic agents; dentin; F electrode; in uitro .sludy; preuentiue dentistry
Liu Skartueir, Depurtmeni of Dental Research, Uniuervily of Bergen, Aarsladveien 17, I V - ~ ~ / O Y Bergen, Norway
Root surface caries is common among elderly people (1-3). Because the etiology of root caries is assumed to be similar to that of enamel caries, the same preventive strategies have been suggested (4,5). Aqueous solutions of TiF4 seem suitable for clinical use, since the uptake of fluoride is comparable to that from fluoride varnishes when applied to root surfaces in vitro and in vivo (6,7). Fluoride uptake is rapid (8),and both fluoride and titanium remain on dentin surfaces for an extended period of time (9,101. The purpose of the present study was to examine the magnitude and duration of fluoride release from root surfaces treated with a single topical application of a TiF4solution, compared with equiniolar solutions of the more clommonly used NaF and SnF, agents. Since it is possible that the presence of metal ions may influence the release pattern, the release of titanium and tin was also recorded.
Materials and methods Roots from young human premolars and third molars were used in the experiment. The teeth were stored in glass vials containing wet cotton and crystals of thymol until used. The roots were scaled with curettes and lightly polished with pumice in water to remove all soft-tissue remnants. The crowns were removed and the pulp chamber sealed with wax before the teeth were assigned to two groups for each of the three fluoride agents plus a control group. To obtain experimental areas of standardized size, adhesive paper discs with a diameter of 5 mm were attached all over the roots before they were painted with an acid-resistant nail varnish. A total unvarnished area of 981mm2 was used in each experimental group. In each group several teeth in one vessel were used to obtain sufficient solution volume and reliable concentration readings.
Downloaded by [NUS National University of Singapore] at 19:56 09 August 2015
ACTA ODONTOI SCAND 4V ( IYY I ]
Atter a pilot study the roots were immersed in the following solutions for the two assigned time periods: a) 3.4% TiF,, ( 1 1 M F ) , pH 1 .0, for 1min and 4 rnin; b) X 6 % SnF2, (1.1 M F ) , pH 2.3, for 1 min and 4 m i n ; c) 4.h’X NaF. (1.1 M F), pH 7.0, for 1 min a n d 4 min; and d) distilled water, cont rol. After immersion the specimens were irnrnedialely rinsed in 500 ml of distilled water for 30 sec under continuous stirring and transferred to 10 ml of distilled water. The water wa\ changed every 24h for 30days. and an ion buffer was added (TEA13 111, Orion Research Inc., Cambridge, Mass., USA). Fluoride concentrations were determined every day with :in ion-sclective electrode (cat. no. 96-0900, Microprocessor ionanalyzer/901, Orion liewarch Inc.) until a concentration less than tivice the detection limit given by the manul,tcturer (0.02 yg/ml) was reached. A n d y s e 5 of Ti and Sn were performed w i t h flamelev, atomic absorption spectropholomc try. The instrument was a Perkinklmer kI(iA-76B graphite furnace connected to a Perkin-Elmer 372 atomic absorpt i o n spectrophotometer and equipped with
