Epidemiology  •  Volume 25, Number 1, January 2014

are differences in the importance of sensitivity and specificity.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT We thank our colleague Søren Hess for inspiration. Oke Gerke Department of Nuclear Medicine Odense University Hospital & Centre of Health Economics Research University of Southern Denmark Funen, Denmark [email protected]

Werner Vach Clinical Epidemiology Institute of Medical Biometry and Medical Informatics Freiburg University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany

REFERENCES 1. Laupacis A, Sackett DL, Roberts RS. An assessment of clinically useful measures of the consequences of treatment. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:1728–1733. 2. Bandolier. How Good Is That Test? II. Available at: http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/ band27/b27-2.html. Accessed 25 June 2013. 3. Habibzadeh F. Number needed to misdiagnose. A measure of diagnostic test effectiveness [research letter]. Epidemiology. 2013;24:170. 4. Newcombe RG. Simultaneous comparison of sensitivity and specificity of two tests in the paired design: a straightforward graphical approach. Stat Med. 2001;20:907–915. 5. Vach W, Gerke O, Høilund-Carlsen PF. Three principles to define the success of a diagnostic study could be identified. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65:293–300.

Residential Air Pollution and Lung Cancer To the Editor: he population-based case-control study by Hystad et al1 evaluated lung cancer incidence associated with

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This study is supported by American Petroleum Institute. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ISSN: 1044-3983/14/2501-0159 DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000011

© 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

long-term exposure to particulate matter

Residential air pollution and lung cancer.

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