Gene, 119 (1992) 259-263 0 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers

GENE

B.V. All rights reserved.

259

0378-1119/92/$05.00

0665 1

Sequences of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homologue type- 1 a-trans-inducing factor (UL48) (Transcription

activation;

nucleotide

and amino

acid sequences;

virion protein

of herpes simplex virus

16; varicella

zoster virus gene 10; cloned

gene)

Dale E. Carpenter* Deparlment Received

and Vikram Misra

ofVeterinary Microbiology, Western College of Ve/en’nary Medicine, Universityof Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Canada

by J.A. Engler:

19 February

1992; Accepted:

30 April 1992; Received

at publishers:

8 June 1992

SUMMARY

A virion protein of herpes simplex virus type-l, called Vmw65, aTIF or VP16, interacts with cellular transcription factors to transactivate immediate early viral genes. We have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the homologous protein in bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). The amino acid sequence of the BHV-1 protein is similar to that of aTIF, except in the C-terminal one-third of the protein. Since the ability of aTIF to activate transcription is dependent on this region, our results suggest that the BHV-1 homologue either does not act as a transactivator or activates genes by a different mechanism.

INTRODUCTION

Virions of herpes simplex virus type-l (HSV-1) carry a protein that can transactivate the expression of immediate early, or CI,viral genes. This protein has been termed VP16, Vmw65, ctTIF and ICP25 (Post et al., 1981; Batterson and

Correspondence to: Dr. V. Misra, Department W.C.V.M., Canada.

University Tel.

of Saskatchewan,

(306)966-7218;

Fax

of Veterinary Saskatoon,

(306)966-8747;

Microbiology,

Sask.

S7N OWO,

e-mail:

misra@

sask.usask.ca. * Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCLA School of Medicine, 43-233 CHS, 10833 LeConte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, USA. Tel. (310)825-6448. Abbreviations: aa, amino acid(s); aTIF, r-trans-inducing factor; bp, base pair(s); BHV-1, bovine herpesvirus type 1; HSV-1, herpes simplex virus type 1; ICP25, infected cell polypeptide 25 of HSV-1; kb, kilobase or 1000 bp; nt, nucleotide(s); Ott-1, octamer-binding protein 1; ORF, open reading frame; lJ~46,47,48,49),

genes 46.47,48

region ofthe HSV-1 genome; UL, protein(s)

and 49 in the long unique

encoded

by UL gene(s); Vmw

65, viral protein of HSV-1 with M, 65000; VP8, viral protein 8 of BHV-1; VP16, virion protein 16 of HSV-1; VZV, varicella zoster virus.

Roizman, 1983; Campbell et al., 1984; Dalrymple et al., 1985). Although aTIF cannot itself bind DNA, it interacts with Ott-1 and perhaps other host-cell proteins to bind to the TAATGARAT (R=purine) sequence present in one to several copies in the promoters of CIgenes (Gerster and Roeder, 1988; Kristie and Roizman, 1987). The aTIF contains domains for interaction with host proteins (Greaves and O’Hare, 1989; 1990; Werstuck and Capone, 1989a,b) as well as an acidic domain at its C terminus which is required for transactivation (Cress and Triezenberg, 1991b; Greaves and O’Hare 1989; Sadowski et al., 1988). The acidic tail of the molecule is thought to act through the host factors TFIID (Ingles et al., 1991) or TFIIB (Lin et al., 1991). Although clTIF, at least in cultured cells, is sufficient to activate a genes its effects can be potentiated by two other virion proteins, UL46 and UL47 (McKnight et al., 1987; Zhang et al., 1991). To date the homologues of aTIF have been identified in two other members of Alphaherpesvirinae. The protein in HSV type-2 virions is very similar in structure to clTIF

260 0.1 1

0.2 I

0.3 I

0.4 I

0.5 I

0.6 1

0.7 I

0.8 I

0.9 I

1.0 (

Map

units

ECORI

Hindlll

1

SacI

I

I Pstl

I Pstl

I Hindlll

i EcoRl up+

OAF

of VP8

(BHV -b

with horizontal

0.1

I

Mapunits

of EcoRI and Hind111 sites in the BHV-1 genome. Boxes stripes represent

tion of ORF for BHV homologues EcoRI

UL48

0.09

0.08

o.p7

Fig. 1. Location

ORF of BHV

UL47)

subfragment,

terminal

and internal

repeats.

The loca-

of HSV UL47 and UL48, on a SacI-

is indicated.

(Cress and Triezenberg, 1991a; Greaves and O’Hare, 1991) and can also transactivate c( genes. The crTIF homologue in VZV, in contrast, lacks an acidic C terminus and, at least in the absence of other viral proteins, it is unable to activate immediate early promoters of VZV (McKee et al., 1990). To determine the extent to which the gene for xTIF is conserved in another member of Alphaherpesvirinae we determined the nt sequence of the BHV-1 homologue of HSV-1 ctTIF.

EXPERIMENTAL

AND DISCUSSION

(a) Location and nt sequence of BHV UL48 homologue Recently we published the nt and aa sequences of VP8, a phosphoprotein which is present, in large amounts, in the tegument of BHV-1 virions (Carpenter and Misra, 1991). There is considerable homology between the aa sequence of VP8 and HSV-1 UL47. The genes for the proteins are at co-linear locations on the viral genomes and both proteins are translated from mRNA that include the coding sequences of downstream genes. These observations suggested that the two genes may be homologues. Because all BHV-1 and HSV-1 genes mapped to date are colinear we tried to locate the gene for the BHV-1 homologue of the HSV-1 aTIF (UL48) by determining the nt sequence of the DNA lying immediately upstream from the VP&encoding gene. Fig. 1 shows a SacI-EcoRI fragment of BHV-1 DNA cloned into pEMBL19+. The location of the 5’ end of the coding sequences for VP8 and sites for EcoRI, HindIII,

Fig. 2. Nucleotide

sequence

of the BHV-1 genome

merals are aligned with corresponding accession

No. is 211610.

extending

nt. The aa sequence

PstI and Sac1 are shown. The nt sequence from the EcoRI to the AccI site have been published. The AccI-HindIII, HindIII-PstI and PstI-PstI fragments were cloned into bacteriophage M13. Nested deletions (Sambrook et al., 1989), on an average of 150 bp and extending in both directions, were made in the &I-PstI, &I-Hind111 and AccI-Hind111 fragments. The complete nt sequence of both strands of DNA, extending from the PstI site at 0.07 map units to the AccI site at 0.087, was determined using Sequenase II (U.S. Biochemicals). Due to the high G+C content of the DNA labelling and termination solutions containing 7-deaza-dGTP as well as pyrophosphatase were used. The nt sequence contained two ORFs. The first extended from the beginning of the sequence in Fig. 2 to nt 590. A search of aa sequences in the SwissProt database using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990) showed that the aa sequence deduced from this reading frame had considerable similarity with the C terminus of the protein encoded by the UL49 gene of HSV-1 (McGeoch et al., 1988) and gene 9 of VZV (Davison and Scott, 1986). The second ORF extended between nt 705 and 2219. The aa sequence derived from this ORF aligned with UL48 of HSV-1 and gene IO protein of VZV. (b) A comparison of HSV-1 UL48 and its BHV-1 and VZV homologues A detailed comparison of the BHV-1 UL48 homologue, HSV-1 UL48, and VZV gene 10 protein, using the CLUSTAL V program (Higgins et al., 1992) is shown in Fig. 3. The BHV-1 protein is more similar to VZV gene IO protein (score = 34.1463) than to HSV-1 UL48 (score = 26.73). The HSV-1 aTIF contains domains for interaction with host proteins (Greaves and O’Hare, 1989; 1990; Werstuck and Capone, 1989a,b) as well as an acidic domain at its C terminus which is required for transactivation (Cress and Triezenberg, 1991b; Greaves and O’Hare 1989; Sadowski et al., 1988). The acidic tail of the molecule is thought to act through the host factors TFIID (Ingles et al., 1991) or TFIIB (Lin et al., 1991). The region of xTIF, containing the aa sequence AELRAREE, and identified by Werstuck and Capone (1989a,b) as important for protein-protein interactions is conserved in the three proteins. However, the regions identified by Greaves and O’Hare (1989; 1990) as being involved in protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions required for assembly of a transcriptional complex containing Ott-1, are not conserved. The C terminus of rTIF, with its acidic

from the PstI site at 0.07 map units to the AccI site at 0.086 map units. Last digits of nu-

of BHV UL48, deduced

from an ORF extending

between nt 705 and 2219, is shown.

EMBL

261 PstI CTQCAGCCGTCCAGCCCGCCGCCCGCGGCCGCGCGATCGAGCCGCAGCCGC~GGACGACCGTAG~GCGCCCG 60 72 40 24 36 12 CCGCCGCGCCGGCCCGCCGCCGAGCAGCCGGGCCG~CGTCCTCGCGCCCGCCGCGAGCTGC~CCGACCCGCCCG 132 144 120 96 108 84 TCCTCCGGCCAGCCACGCGCGGGTCCTCCGGCGGCGCCGGCG 204 216 192 168 180 156 CGCCCCCCGGTGCTAATGCTGTTGCGTCTGGCGT~GGCC~CCGCTGGCGTTCAGCGCGGCTCCG~CGCC~~ 276 288 264 240 252 228 CGCCCTGGTGTGGACCGACGCACGCCTACAACCTACGATCCGCCG 348 360 336 312 324 300 AGTACGCCCGGCAGGCGGCTGCCAGCGTerGGGACTCGGACCCCCC~GAGCMCGAGCGA~~ATCG~ 420 432 408 384 396 372 TGTTGAAGTCGGCGGCAATTCGCATCCTCGTGTGCGTGTGCGAGGGCTCC~GC~CTCGCCGCCGCG~CGA~T~ 492 504 480 456 468 444 TGGCCGCGCGGGCCCAGCGCCCCGCCGCGCGCGGGAGCACMGCGGCGGGG~GCCGCCTTCGCGGCGAGC 564 576 552 528 540 516 GGGCCCGGCCGTAGCGCGAGCGGGAGGGCTTTTTCGACGC 636 648 624 600 612 588 5 MS G R I ATGAAAATAAACGCTTGTTAATTAAACACACACCGAG 708 720 696 672 684 660 29 KTAGRALASQCGGAAAATMDPYDA AAACCGCGGGCCGCGCGCTCGCCAGTCAGTCAGTGCGGCGGTGCTGCGGCGG~C~TGGACCCGTACGACGCCA 780 792 768 744 756 732 53 IEAFDDSLLGSPLAAGPLYDGPSP TTGAAGCGTTCGATGACTCCCTGCTCGGGTCGGGTCGCCGCTCGCGGCGGGGCCGCTTTATGACGGCCCGTCCCCCG 852 864 840 816 828 804 77 ARFALPPPRPAPLAALLERMQAEL CGCGGTTCGCGCTGCCGCCCCCGCGCCCGGCTCCCCTGGCCGCG~G~GGAGCGMTG~GGCCGAGCTGG 924 936 912 888 900 876 G F P D G PA L LRAM E RWN ED L F S CL P 101 GCTTCCCCGACGGCCCCGCGCTGCTGCGGGCCATGGAGCGGTGG~CGAGGACTTATT~CGTGTCTGCCGA 948 996 1008 960 972 984 T NA D L Y A DAA L L S AD AD AVV GAM Y 125 CCAACGCAGAC~GTACGCAGACGCCGCGCTGCTCTCGGCAGACG~GACGCGGTAGT~CGCCATGTACC 1068 1020 1032 1044 1056 1080 149 LAVPGDAERLDLNAHANOPLPAPP TAGCGGTGCCTGGGGACGCGGAGCGCTTGGACTTGAACGCGCACGCG~CC~GCCGCTTCCCGCAC~GCCGG 1140 1152 1128 1104 1116 1092 ASEEGLPEYVAGVQAHFLAE L R A R 173 CCTCGGAGGAGGGCCTCCCGGAGTATGTGGCCGGCGTACAGGCGCA~CTGG~GAGCTGCGCGCGCGGG 1212 1224 1200 1176 1188 1164 E E R Y A G L F LG Y C RA L LQ H L RA T AA197 P&I AAGAGCGGTACGCGGGCCTGTTTTTGGGCTACTGCCGCGCG~~T~AQCACCTGCGCGCGACGGCGGCGC 1284 1272 1296 1248 1260 1236 RGRGAA GAGAQADRLRQ LVAARY Y 221 GTGGCCGAGGCGCGGCGGGCGCGGGCGCCCAGGCAGACCGCCTGCGGCAGCTGGTGGC~CGCGGTACTACC 1356 1368 1344 1320 1332 1308 RE A S R LAR LA FAH M Y VA TARE V S W 245 GCGAGGCGAGCCGGCTGGCGCGGCTGGCCTTTGCGCATATGTACGTGGCGACGGCGCGCG~GT~~TGGC 1428 1440 1416 1392 1404 1380

R LH S Q Q S QA Q GV FVS LY Y AW PQ R R 269 GCCTGCA~CCCAGCAGAGCCAGGCGCAGGGCGCA~CGTGTTCGTTTCGCTGTACTATGC~GGCCGCAGC~C~C 1500 1512 1488 1464 1476 1452 Q FT C L F H PV L F N H GVVA L E D G F LD 293 AGTTCACCTGCCTGTTCCACCCCG~~G~C~CCACGGCGTCGTGGCG~GGAGGAC~~T~TGGACG 1572 1584 1560 1536 1548 1524 AA E LRR LN Y RRRE LG L P LV RAG LV 317 CGGCGGAGCTGCGGCGGC~ACCGGCGTCGGGAGCTGGGG~GCCG~GGTCCGCGCGGGG~GGTCG 1644 1656 1632 1608 1620 1596 EVE V G P LV E E P P F S G S L PRA LG F L 341 Hind111 AGGTTGAAGTGGGGCCTCTGGTGGAGGAGGAGCCGCCGTTTTC~G~~TTGCCGCG~CG~GGGCTTCCTGA 1716 1728 1704 1680 1692 1668 NYQVRAKMGA PAEAGGGWRRS G S T 365 ATTACCAAGTACGCGCGMGATGGGCGCGCCCGCCGA~CCGGCGGGGG~GGCGCCGGAGC~AG~CTC 1788 1776 1800 1752 1764 1740 RTRG RAA R S T T GR LQ R P C C G PRR R 389 GTACGCGCGGCCGCGCGGCGCGATCAACTACGGGACGGGACGA~CCAGAGGCCATG~GCGGCCCCCGTCGCCGAG 1860 1872 1848 1824 1836 1812 AKC CRAT PRQR LRARG E PRHT S G S 413 CGAAGTGCTGCCGTGCGACCCCGCGCCAGCGGCTACGTGCGCGTGGCGAGCCCCGCCACA~TCTGGCTCAG 1932 1920 1944 1896 1908 1884 GA F S Q G R R P G RVC R LG WA C KA R S G 437 GCGCCTTCAGCCAAGGGCGCCGCCCCGGCCGAGTTTGCCGCCTTGGCTGGGCTTGC~GCCC~TCC~CC 2004 2016 1992 1968 1980 1956 PARG G P G P S P VR S G LG LS RA R G S P 461 CCGCTCGCGGCGGCCCCGGCCCAAGCCCCCGTTCGCAGCGGCCTTGGC~TAGCCGAGCCCGCGGCAGCC~G 2076 2064 2088 2040 2052 2028 G P G PA C G G P S RARG G RRRA S PAN P 485 GCCCCGGCCCCGCTTGCGGCGGCCCCAGCCGAGCCCGCGGCGGCCGTCGCCGGGCCAGCCCGGC~CC~T 2136 2112 2124 2148 2160 2100 FGGTYDALLGDRLNQ 504 L L D F # TCGGCGGCACGTATGACGCGCTGCTGGGGGACCGCCTCAAGGGCGGGCGGGCA 2220 2208 2232 2184 2196 2172 GTGG~G~T~~GA~~~GG~G~GTGG~GTTTG~GAGG~~T~~~T~~~GT~GG~~T~TGG~G~~G~~~TG~ 2280 2292 2304 2256 2268 2244 AccI GGGCGGCGCGAGCGTATAAAAGCCACTTGGGTCTAC 2328 2340 2316

Fig. 2.

262 fied as important and transcription

HSV “7.V

for immediate early gene transactivation complex formation are not conserved.

SW

nsv WV

REFERENCES sxv NSV “Z”

Altschut,

SF., Gish, W., Miller, E., Myers, E.W. and Lipman,

local alignment

SHV HS” “Z”

Batterson, W. and Roizman, B.: Characterization of the herpes simplex virion-associated factor responsible for the induction of x genes. J. Virol. 46 (1983) 371-377.

SHV XS” VW

Campbell,

M.E.M.,

Palfreyman,

J.W. and Preston,

of herpes simplex virus DNA sequences RF? HSV WV

polypeptide

responsible

Carpenter,

1 virions

identification

of immediate

early transcrip-

V.: The most abundant

is a homologue

of herpes

protein

in bovine

simplex type 1 UL47. J.

Gen. Virol. 72 (1991) 3077-3084. Cress, A. and Triezenberg, S.J.: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the gene coding virion protein 16 of herpes simplex virus type 2. Gene GPGPACGGPSRARGGRRRASPANPFGGT~X~ALZGDSU-QDF SPGPGFTPMXAPYG---ALDMADF--EP,?,QMFTDAUIDSYGG

504

pap~c~________________________---_______~~~a *

Cress,

W.D.

103 (1991a) 235-238.

and Triezenberg,

VP16 transcriptional Dalrymple,

scores:

M.A.,

m:xsv

= = =

26.7341 34.1463 30.7317

Fig. 3. An alignment (McGeoch

of the aa sequences

1986) using CLUSTAL

V (Higgins

site by all three proteins

are indicated

are marked

computer

of BHV UL48,

et al., 1988) and VZV gene 10 protein

program

et al., 1992). Identical by asterisks,

with dots.

Dashes

to optimize

alignment.

indicate

HSV-1

(Davison

rTIF

and Scott,

aa shared at a

conservative

gaps introduced

replaceby the

Davison,

of the

Davison,

A.J.

and Preston,

C.M.:

for ~r~sc~ption~

activation

of immediate

early

Nucleic Acids Res. 13 (1985} 7865-7879.

A.J. and Scott, J.E.: The complete

Gerster,

DNA sequence

of varicella-

T. and Roeder,

R.G.: A herpesvirus

trans-activating

protein

teracts with transcription factor OTF-1 and other cellular Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85 (1988) 6347-6351. Greaves,

R.F. and O’Hare, complex

P.: Separation

assembly

from those

simplex virus regulatory

herpes

protein

of requirements for functional Vmw65.

in-

proteins.

for proteinactivity

in the

J. Virol. 63 (1989)

1641-1650. Greaves,

R.F.

and O’Hare,

P.: Structural

requirements

in the herpes

simplex virus type 1 transactivator Vmw 65 for interaction with the cellular oct~er-binding protein and target TAATGARAT sequences. J. Virol. 64 (1990) 2716-2724. Greaves,

R.F. and O’Hare,

P.: Sequence,

function,

and regulation

of the

Vmw65 gene of herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Virol. 65 (1991) 67056713. Higgins,

D.G.,

Bleasby,

A.J. and Fuchs,

R.: CLUSTAL

V: improved

software for multiple sequence alignment. CABIOS 8 (1992) in press. Ingles. J.C., Shales, M., Cress, W.D., Triezenberg, S.J. and Greenblatt. J.: Reduced

binding of TFIID

tants of VP16. Nature

B.: Host cell proteins

for virion-mediated

genes. Proc. Nat]. Acad.

compromised

mu-

induction

bind to the cis-acting

of herpes simplex virus x

Sci. USA 84 (1987) 71-75.

tin, Y.-S., Ha, I., M~donado, ing ofgeneral transcription Nature

to transcriptionally

351 (1991) 588-590.

Kristie, T.M. and Roizman, site required

(c) Conclusions (I) The coding sequences of the BHV-1 homologue of HSV-1 orTIF (UL48) are located between 0.075 and 0.086 map units in the BHV-1 genome. (2) The BHV-1 genes for homologues of HSV-1 UL47, UL48 and UL49 are located in the genome in the same order as the HSV-1 genes confirming the co-linearity of the two genomes. (3) The aa sequence of the BHV-1 UL48 shares considerable homology with HSV-1 aTIF and the VZV gene 10 protein. However, regions of IxTIF that have been identi-

D.J.,

elements

Science 251 (1991b) 87-90.

zoster virus. J. Gen. Virol. 67 (1986) 1759-1816.

DNA

aa residues and F442 (Cress and Triezenberg, 1991b) is also not conserved. Unlike crTIF the VZV gene 10 protein cannot, by itself, activate immediate early promoters or form complexes with the TAATGARAT sequence (McKee et al., 1990). The data are consistent with the observation that the VZV gene 10 protein lacks regions identified in clTIF as being important for transcriptional complex formation and transactivation. Since the BHV- 1 UL48 homologue also lacks these regions our results suggest that this protein may either not transactivate immediate early genes or it may activate them by a mechanism different from that of aTIF.

structural

domain.

of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene whose prod-

uct is responsible promoters.

S.J.: Critical

activation

McGeoch,

DNA sequence

sRv:vzv HSV:VZ”

ments

for stimulation

D.E. and Misra,

herpes

HSV

nsv vzv

CM.:

which encode a rrans-acting

tion. J. Mol. Biol. 180 (1984) l-19.

SW “S” VW

SW

D.J.: Basic

search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215 (1990) 403-410.

E., Reinberg, D. and Green, MR.: Bindfactor TFIIB to an acidic activating region.

353 (1991) 569-571.

McGeoch, D.J., Dalrymple, M.A., Davison, A.J., Dolan, A., Frame, M.C., McNab, D., Perry, L.J., Scott, J.E. and Taylor, P.: The complete DNA sequence of the long unique region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. J. Gen. Virol. 69 (1988) 1531-1574. McKee, T-A., Disney, G.H., Everett, R.D. and Preston, C.M.: Control of expression of the varicella-zoster virus major immediate early gene. J. Gen. Virol. 71 (1990) 897-906. McKnight, J.L.C., Pellett, P.E., Jenkins, F.J. and Roizman, B.: Characterization

and nucleotide

sequence of two herpes simplex virus 1 genes

263 whose products

modulate

r-mzns-inducing

factor-dependent

activa-

Post, L.E., Mackem,

S. and Roizman,

simplex virus: Expression thymidine Sadowski,

B.: Regulation

of chimeric

I., Ma, J., Triezenberg,

unusually

potent

activator.

by fusion of

Cell 24 (1981) 555-565.

S. and Ptashne,

transcriptional

of CIgenes of herpes

genes produced

kinase with r gene promoters.

M.: GAL4-VP16

Nature

is an

335 (1988) 563-

564. Sambrook,

Werstuck,

G. and Capone, J.P.: Mutational

virus trans-inducing

tion of the a genes. J. Virol. 61 (1987) 992-1001.

Werstuck,

G. and Capone,

plex formation through 63 (1989b) 5509-5513.

Laboratory

Manual,

Cold Spring Harbor,

E.F.

and Maniatis,

T.: Molecular

2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor NY, 1989.

Cloning.

Laboratory

A

Press,

of a domain

Vmw65 required

J.L.C.:

Role of herpes

and UL47 in aTIF-mediated

duction: characterization (1991) 829-841.

of the herpes

for protein-DNA

the use of protein A fusion proteins.

Y., Sirko, D.A. and McKnight,

virus type 1 UL46 J., Fritsch,

J.P.: Identification

simplex virus truns-activator

Zhang,

analysis of the herpes simplex

factor Vmw65. Gene 75 (1989a) 213-224. comJ. Virol. simplex

transcriptional

of three viral deletion mutants.

in-

J. Virol. 65