Hindawi Publishing Corporation Disease Markers Volume 2015, Article ID 786708, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/786708
Research Article Serum Chemerin Levels in relation to Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density: A Case-Control Study Jing He,1 Ji-Chun Li,1 Hua Xie,1 Zhong-Hua Xu,1 Ya-Wen Sun,1 and Qiao Shan2 1
Department of Orthopedics, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2
Correspondence should be addressed to Ji-Chun Li; dr [email protected] Received 18 May 2015; Revised 3 June 2015; Accepted 8 June 2015 Academic Editor: Robert Pichler Copyright © 2015 Jing He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. To evaluate serum chemerin levels in patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods. An age- and gender-matched case-control study was conducted. Pearson’s correlation test was performed to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and BMD. Results. There were 93 patients included in the osteoporosis group and 93 matched controls. Serum chemerin level was significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis (87.27 ± 5.80 ng/mL) than patients in control (71.13 ± 5.12 ng/mL) (𝑃 < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between femoral bone mineral density and chemerin in both groups (𝑅 = −0.395, 𝑃 < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; 𝑅 = −0.680, 𝑃 < 0.01 in control) and also a negative correlation between lumbar bone mineral density with chemerin in both groups (𝑅 = −0.306, 𝑃 < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; 𝑅 = −0.362, 𝑃 < 0.01 in control). Conclusions. Patients with osteoporosis presented a higher level of serum chemerin, which witnessed an inverse correlation with BMD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemerin in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
1. Introduction Recent advances in metabolic research have led to the recognition that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of adipokines, which offer a connection between adipose tissue and the metabolic function of other organs, for example, bone [1]. Various adipokines have been proposed to be involved in bone metabolism via multiple effects on the formation and resorption of bone [2]. In contrast, bone, also as a source of bioactive factors, involves energy metabolism and then interacts with the anabolism and catabolism of adipose tissue [3]. The previous studies suggest that leptin, one of the remarkable adipokines, plays an essential role in osteogenesis and bone metabolism via multiple pathways and supports the possibility that leptin is involved in the onset or progression of various bone diseases, for example, osteoporosis [3, 4]. In the meantime, numerous studies have demonstrated altered levels of adiponectin and resistin in patients with osteoporosis [5–8]. Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-secreted factor, which plays an important role in adipogenesis, adipocyte
differentiation, and insulin signaling [9, 10]. Previous studies have suggested that chemerin is related to obesity and metabolic abnormalities [11–13]. Moreover, chemerin also acts as a proinflammatory factor. The elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines induced by chemerin affects insulin sensitivity of adipocytes and distal tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle [14]. Bones and skeletal muscles interacted with each other and are considered as one entity. As an adipose-derived signaling molecule, chemerin may play an essential role in the complex muscle-fat-bone axis. Therefore, we made a hypothesis that there was an association between serum chemerin levels and osteoporosis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between serum chemerin levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls by conducting a case-control study.
2. Methods 2.1. Study Design and Patients. This observational study included 186 participants who were recruited from January
2
Disease Markers Table 1: Characteristics of the subjects.
Number Male/female Age BMI Number of patients with DM Number of patients with hypertension Number of postmenopausal women Number of patients with bone fracture Chemerin (ng/ml) FBMD (g/cm2 ) LBMD (g/cm2 ) TC (mmol/L) TG (mmol/L) HDL-C (mmol/L) LDL-C (mmol/L) AKP (U/L) FBG (mmol/L) Insulin (mU/L)
Osteoporosis 93 34/59 64.60 ± 10.29 26.06 ± 2.74 34 38 55 15 87.27 ± 5.80 0.63 ± 0.04 0.78 ± 0.04 6.35 ± 0.48 1.69 ± 0.23 1.47 ± 0.29 3.00 ± 0.24 99.29 ± 21.31 6.04 ± 1.20 17.13 ± 4.52
Control 93 34/59 64.48 ± 10.29 25.24 ± 2.10 28 35 50 0 71.13 ±5.12 0.80 ± 0.07 1.04 ± 0.10 6.23 ± 0.45 1.60 ± 0.36 1.50 ± 0.35 3.12 ± 0.24 92.99 ± 21.03 5.81 ± 1.13 18.12 ± 3.82
P value
0.443
Research Article Serum Chemerin Levels in relation to Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Density: A Case-Control Study Jing He,1 Ji-Chun Li,1 Hua Xie,1 Zhong-Hua Xu,1 Ya-Wen Sun,1 and Qiao Shan2 1
Department of Orthopedics, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan 213200, China College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2
Correspondence should be addressed to Ji-Chun Li; dr [email protected] Received 18 May 2015; Revised 3 June 2015; Accepted 8 June 2015 Academic Editor: Robert Pichler Copyright © 2015 Jing He et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. To evaluate serum chemerin levels in patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls and to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods. An age- and gender-matched case-control study was conducted. Pearson’s correlation test was performed to investigate the relationship between serum chemerin levels and BMD. Results. There were 93 patients included in the osteoporosis group and 93 matched controls. Serum chemerin level was significantly higher in patients with osteoporosis (87.27 ± 5.80 ng/mL) than patients in control (71.13 ± 5.12 ng/mL) (𝑃 < 0.01). There was a negative correlation between femoral bone mineral density and chemerin in both groups (𝑅 = −0.395, 𝑃 < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; 𝑅 = −0.680, 𝑃 < 0.01 in control) and also a negative correlation between lumbar bone mineral density with chemerin in both groups (𝑅 = −0.306, 𝑃 < 0.01 in osteoporosis group; 𝑅 = −0.362, 𝑃 < 0.01 in control). Conclusions. Patients with osteoporosis presented a higher level of serum chemerin, which witnessed an inverse correlation with BMD. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemerin in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
1. Introduction Recent advances in metabolic research have led to the recognition that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes a variety of adipokines, which offer a connection between adipose tissue and the metabolic function of other organs, for example, bone [1]. Various adipokines have been proposed to be involved in bone metabolism via multiple effects on the formation and resorption of bone [2]. In contrast, bone, also as a source of bioactive factors, involves energy metabolism and then interacts with the anabolism and catabolism of adipose tissue [3]. The previous studies suggest that leptin, one of the remarkable adipokines, plays an essential role in osteogenesis and bone metabolism via multiple pathways and supports the possibility that leptin is involved in the onset or progression of various bone diseases, for example, osteoporosis [3, 4]. In the meantime, numerous studies have demonstrated altered levels of adiponectin and resistin in patients with osteoporosis [5–8]. Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-secreted factor, which plays an important role in adipogenesis, adipocyte
differentiation, and insulin signaling [9, 10]. Previous studies have suggested that chemerin is related to obesity and metabolic abnormalities [11–13]. Moreover, chemerin also acts as a proinflammatory factor. The elevated secretion of proinflammatory cytokines induced by chemerin affects insulin sensitivity of adipocytes and distal tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle [14]. Bones and skeletal muscles interacted with each other and are considered as one entity. As an adipose-derived signaling molecule, chemerin may play an essential role in the complex muscle-fat-bone axis. Therefore, we made a hypothesis that there was an association between serum chemerin levels and osteoporosis. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between serum chemerin levels and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with osteoporosis and healthy controls by conducting a case-control study.
2. Methods 2.1. Study Design and Patients. This observational study included 186 participants who were recruited from January
2
Disease Markers Table 1: Characteristics of the subjects.
Number Male/female Age BMI Number of patients with DM Number of patients with hypertension Number of postmenopausal women Number of patients with bone fracture Chemerin (ng/ml) FBMD (g/cm2 ) LBMD (g/cm2 ) TC (mmol/L) TG (mmol/L) HDL-C (mmol/L) LDL-C (mmol/L) AKP (U/L) FBG (mmol/L) Insulin (mU/L)
Osteoporosis 93 34/59 64.60 ± 10.29 26.06 ± 2.74 34 38 55 15 87.27 ± 5.80 0.63 ± 0.04 0.78 ± 0.04 6.35 ± 0.48 1.69 ± 0.23 1.47 ± 0.29 3.00 ± 0.24 99.29 ± 21.31 6.04 ± 1.20 17.13 ± 4.52
Control 93 34/59 64.48 ± 10.29 25.24 ± 2.10 28 35 50 0 71.13 ±5.12 0.80 ± 0.07 1.04 ± 0.10 6.23 ± 0.45 1.60 ± 0.36 1.50 ± 0.35 3.12 ± 0.24 92.99 ± 21.03 5.81 ± 1.13 18.12 ± 3.82
P value
0.443
