A. SH AFII, Sh. HEDAYAT AND K. MONTAZEMY
Serum Proteins in Maternal and Cord Blood* by A. SHAFII, M.D., Sh. HEDAYAT, M.D., D.I.P.H. and K. MONTAZEMY, Phar.D. Nutation Division, Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University, Iran both serum gamma globulin and albumin the mean value was higher for cord blood as compared with maternal blood, and for serum albumin, the difference was significant. On the contrary, the mean values of serum total protein, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta globulin were lower for cord blood in comparison with the maternal blood. With the exception of total protein, the differences were significant.
Method of Study
The mean serum proteins in maternal blood (Table III) according to the level of socio-economic class was studied. It was found, that the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta globulin were higher in maternal blood for group II (higher income group) in comparison with the group I (lower income group). The mean value of serum gamma globulin, however, was equal for both socioeconomic class. Irrespective of alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin the differences were found to be significant.
The study covered 213 paired samples of cord and maternal blood. The maternal bloods were obtained from the. antecubital vein and few minutes before the delivery. Cord blood was obtained by unclamping the placental side of the cord and letting mixed blood flow into a tube. Studies were carried out on normal pregnant women admitted for delivery at the Zanan Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University and Mysaghiyeh Private Hospital also in Tehran, during the period May to September 1973. The classification of economic status presented here is based on "the monthly per capita income of the family as follows: High income class, having a monthly income of Rls 6001 and above, low income class, a monthly income •ranging from Rls 4000 to 6000 (1 U.S. $=70 Rls.). Total protein was estimated by the biuret method, Weishselbaum17 and protein fractionation by cellulose acetate micro electrophoretic technique. Results of Survey 1. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal and Cord Blood of the Low Socio Economic Class
The data in Table I, where the serum proteins values in maternal and Cord blood of the low socio economic class are compared with the others, indicate that for *The present study was supported partly by the School of Public Health and the Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University, and partly by the funds of the Ministry of Health and Plan Organization for Project No. 670101. Environmental Child Health, February 1977
2. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal and Cord Blood of the High Socio-Economlc Class
Serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood of the high socio-economic class are shown in Table II. The relationship between serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood indicate a uniform pattern, corresponding to the low socio-economic class. 3. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal Blood in Relation to Socio-Economlc Class
4. Serum Proteins Values in Cord Blood in Relation to Socio-Economic Class
Serum proteins values in cord blood according to the socio-economic condition of the mother was investigated. From Table IV it will be obvious that the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta were higher in cord blood for group II (higher income group) as compared with the group I (lower income group). In contrast, the mean value of serum gamma globulin was equal for both socioeconomic groups. The difference, however, was significant for both serum albumin and alpha-1 globulin. Discussion The conclusions are warranted that, for both maternal and cord blood, the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta globulin were higher for mothers living under more favourable conditions, in comparisons with those who had less favourable circumstances.
Downloaded from http://tropej.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Auckland on June 22, 2015
In 1917 Morse,10 indicated that the amino nitrogen of cord plasma is higher than that of maternal plasma. Studies conducted by Pommerenke," Crumpler et al.,* Clemetson and Churchman,3 and Schrier13 supported these results. The decreased maternal level of free amino acids may be the result of the extra expenditure created by the nutritional dependence of the fetus upon the mother or the result of the fasting condition of the mother at the time of delivery. The vast literature on the subject of placental amino acid transfer, however, has been reviewed by Needham,11 Schrier15 and Danis.3 The present investigation using an Iranian sample was undertaken — firstly to verify the relationship between the serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood; secondly to verify the relation between the economic status, of the mother and the above mentioned nutrients.
A. SHAFII, Sh. HEDAYAT A N D K. MONTAZEMY
Table I Serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood in Iranian mothers of the low socio-economic class Serum proteins, g./lOO ml. (mean and S.D.) Source
No. Ex- amined
Total protein
Albumin
Alpha-1
Alpha-2
Beta
Gamma
Maternal
177
6.60* (2.46)
2.70 (1.08)
0.32 (0.31)
1.13 (0.36)
1.24 (0.44)^
1.20 (0.58)
Cord
177
6.15 (0.83)
3.2 (0.87)
0.26 (0.14)
0.60 (0.28)
0.80 (0.26)
1.30 (0.73)
—
P
Serum Proteins in Maternal and Cord Blood* by A. SHAFII, M.D., Sh. HEDAYAT, M.D., D.I.P.H. and K. MONTAZEMY, Phar.D. Nutation Division, Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University, Iran both serum gamma globulin and albumin the mean value was higher for cord blood as compared with maternal blood, and for serum albumin, the difference was significant. On the contrary, the mean values of serum total protein, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta globulin were lower for cord blood in comparison with the maternal blood. With the exception of total protein, the differences were significant.
Method of Study
The mean serum proteins in maternal blood (Table III) according to the level of socio-economic class was studied. It was found, that the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta globulin were higher in maternal blood for group II (higher income group) in comparison with the group I (lower income group). The mean value of serum gamma globulin, however, was equal for both socioeconomic class. Irrespective of alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin the differences were found to be significant.
The study covered 213 paired samples of cord and maternal blood. The maternal bloods were obtained from the. antecubital vein and few minutes before the delivery. Cord blood was obtained by unclamping the placental side of the cord and letting mixed blood flow into a tube. Studies were carried out on normal pregnant women admitted for delivery at the Zanan Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University and Mysaghiyeh Private Hospital also in Tehran, during the period May to September 1973. The classification of economic status presented here is based on "the monthly per capita income of the family as follows: High income class, having a monthly income of Rls 6001 and above, low income class, a monthly income •ranging from Rls 4000 to 6000 (1 U.S. $=70 Rls.). Total protein was estimated by the biuret method, Weishselbaum17 and protein fractionation by cellulose acetate micro electrophoretic technique. Results of Survey 1. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal and Cord Blood of the Low Socio Economic Class
The data in Table I, where the serum proteins values in maternal and Cord blood of the low socio economic class are compared with the others, indicate that for *The present study was supported partly by the School of Public Health and the Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran University, and partly by the funds of the Ministry of Health and Plan Organization for Project No. 670101. Environmental Child Health, February 1977
2. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal and Cord Blood of the High Socio-Economlc Class
Serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood of the high socio-economic class are shown in Table II. The relationship between serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood indicate a uniform pattern, corresponding to the low socio-economic class. 3. Serum Proteins Values in Maternal Blood in Relation to Socio-Economlc Class
4. Serum Proteins Values in Cord Blood in Relation to Socio-Economic Class
Serum proteins values in cord blood according to the socio-economic condition of the mother was investigated. From Table IV it will be obvious that the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta were higher in cord blood for group II (higher income group) as compared with the group I (lower income group). In contrast, the mean value of serum gamma globulin was equal for both socioeconomic groups. The difference, however, was significant for both serum albumin and alpha-1 globulin. Discussion The conclusions are warranted that, for both maternal and cord blood, the mean values of serum total protein, albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2 and beta globulin were higher for mothers living under more favourable conditions, in comparisons with those who had less favourable circumstances.
Downloaded from http://tropej.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of Auckland on June 22, 2015
In 1917 Morse,10 indicated that the amino nitrogen of cord plasma is higher than that of maternal plasma. Studies conducted by Pommerenke," Crumpler et al.,* Clemetson and Churchman,3 and Schrier13 supported these results. The decreased maternal level of free amino acids may be the result of the extra expenditure created by the nutritional dependence of the fetus upon the mother or the result of the fasting condition of the mother at the time of delivery. The vast literature on the subject of placental amino acid transfer, however, has been reviewed by Needham,11 Schrier15 and Danis.3 The present investigation using an Iranian sample was undertaken — firstly to verify the relationship between the serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood; secondly to verify the relation between the economic status, of the mother and the above mentioned nutrients.
A. SHAFII, Sh. HEDAYAT A N D K. MONTAZEMY
Table I Serum proteins values in maternal and cord blood in Iranian mothers of the low socio-economic class Serum proteins, g./lOO ml. (mean and S.D.) Source
No. Ex- amined
Total protein
Albumin
Alpha-1
Alpha-2
Beta
Gamma
Maternal
177
6.60* (2.46)
2.70 (1.08)
0.32 (0.31)
1.13 (0.36)
1.24 (0.44)^
1.20 (0.58)
Cord
177
6.15 (0.83)
3.2 (0.87)
0.26 (0.14)
0.60 (0.28)
0.80 (0.26)
1.30 (0.73)
—
P
