Biomaterials xxx (2014) 1e9
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Biomaterials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterials
Iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles for magnetic targeting MRI and near-infrared photothermal therapy Zhiguo Zhou a, Yanan Sun a, Jinchao Shen a, Jie Wei a, Chao Yu a, Bin Kong a, Wei Liu a, Hong Yang a, Shiping Yang a, b, **, Wei Wang c, * a The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China b The Education Ministry Key Lab of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China c Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-000, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 22 March 2014 Accepted 16 April 2014 Available online xxx
The development of photothermal agents (PTAs) with good stability, low toxicity, highly targeting ability and photothermal conversion efficiency is an essential pre-requisite to near-infrared photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo. Herein, we report the readily available PEGylated Fe@Fe3O4 NPs, which possess triple functional properties in one entity e targeting, PTT, and imaging. Compared to Au nanorods, they exhibit comparable photothermal conversion efficiency (w20%), and much higher photothermal stability. They also show a high magnetization value and transverse relaxivity (w156 mM1 s1), which should be applied for magnetic targeting MRI. With the Nd-Fe-B magnet (0.5 T) beside the tumour for 12 h on the xenograft HeLa tumour model, PEGylated Fe@Fe3O4 NPs exhibit an obvious accumulation. In tumour, the intensity of MRI signal is w three folds and the increased temperature is w two times than those without magnetic targeting, indicating the good magnetic targeting ability. Notably, the intrinsic high photothermal conversion efficiency and selective magnetic targeting effect of the NPs in tumour play synergistically in highly efficient ablation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Iron/iron oxide nanoparticles Magnetic targeting Theranostics Photothermal therapy In vivo
1. Introduction Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced photothermal therapy (PTT) has become an appealing strategy for cancer treatment. The employment of NIR light as a highly orthogonal external stimulus allows for spatial and temporal exposure in the tumour region to maximize the treatment efficacy while minimizing the side effects. A variety of nanomaterials have been developed for this purpose [1e4]. Gold nanocages or nanorods are the most widely studied ones [5e9]. A typical size of 50 nm is essential for the generation of high photothermal conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, the large size limits their application for in vivo biological studies. Furthermore, like gold nanoparticles, other noble metal-based photothermal agents (PTAs) including Ge nanoparticles [10] and Pd-based nanosheets [11] exhibit intense NIR photoabsorption. * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ1 505 277 0756; fax: þ1 505 277 2609. ** Corresponding author. The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China. Tel./fax: þ86 21 64322346. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Yang), [email protected] (W. Wang).
However, the undefined toxicity of these noble metals hinders their clinical investigations in the long run. Therefore, there is an urgent demand on seeking alternative PTAs [12,13], which ultimately become clinically useful tools for cancer treatment. Such PTAs should meet the requirements of small size (
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Biomaterials journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biomaterials
Iron/iron oxide core/shell nanoparticles for magnetic targeting MRI and near-infrared photothermal therapy Zhiguo Zhou a, Yanan Sun a, Jinchao Shen a, Jie Wei a, Chao Yu a, Bin Kong a, Wei Liu a, Hong Yang a, Shiping Yang a, b, **, Wei Wang c, * a The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China b The Education Ministry Key Lab of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China c Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-000, United States
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 22 March 2014 Accepted 16 April 2014 Available online xxx
The development of photothermal agents (PTAs) with good stability, low toxicity, highly targeting ability and photothermal conversion efficiency is an essential pre-requisite to near-infrared photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo. Herein, we report the readily available PEGylated Fe@Fe3O4 NPs, which possess triple functional properties in one entity e targeting, PTT, and imaging. Compared to Au nanorods, they exhibit comparable photothermal conversion efficiency (w20%), and much higher photothermal stability. They also show a high magnetization value and transverse relaxivity (w156 mM1 s1), which should be applied for magnetic targeting MRI. With the Nd-Fe-B magnet (0.5 T) beside the tumour for 12 h on the xenograft HeLa tumour model, PEGylated Fe@Fe3O4 NPs exhibit an obvious accumulation. In tumour, the intensity of MRI signal is w three folds and the increased temperature is w two times than those without magnetic targeting, indicating the good magnetic targeting ability. Notably, the intrinsic high photothermal conversion efficiency and selective magnetic targeting effect of the NPs in tumour play synergistically in highly efficient ablation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Iron/iron oxide nanoparticles Magnetic targeting Theranostics Photothermal therapy In vivo
1. Introduction Near-infrared (NIR) laser-induced photothermal therapy (PTT) has become an appealing strategy for cancer treatment. The employment of NIR light as a highly orthogonal external stimulus allows for spatial and temporal exposure in the tumour region to maximize the treatment efficacy while minimizing the side effects. A variety of nanomaterials have been developed for this purpose [1e4]. Gold nanocages or nanorods are the most widely studied ones [5e9]. A typical size of 50 nm is essential for the generation of high photothermal conversion efficiency. Unfortunately, the large size limits their application for in vivo biological studies. Furthermore, like gold nanoparticles, other noble metal-based photothermal agents (PTAs) including Ge nanoparticles [10] and Pd-based nanosheets [11] exhibit intense NIR photoabsorption. * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ1 505 277 0756; fax: þ1 505 277 2609. ** Corresponding author. The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China. Tel./fax: þ86 21 64322346. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (S. Yang), [email protected] (W. Wang).
However, the undefined toxicity of these noble metals hinders their clinical investigations in the long run. Therefore, there is an urgent demand on seeking alternative PTAs [12,13], which ultimately become clinically useful tools for cancer treatment. Such PTAs should meet the requirements of small size (
