RESEARCH ARTICLE
Soluble CD40 Ligand in Aspirin-Treated Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Thomas Gremmel1,2*, Andrew L. Frelinger, III1, Alan D. Michelson1 1 Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children´s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria * [email protected]
Abstract
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Gremmel T, Frelinger AL, III, Michelson AD (2015) Soluble CD40 Ligand in Aspirin-Treated Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0134599. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0134599 Editor: Ingo Ahrens, University Hospital Medical Centre, GERMANY Received: April 15, 2015 Accepted: July 12, 2015 Published: August 3, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Gremmel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.
Plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is mainly generated by cleavage of CD40L from the surface of activated platelets, and therefore considered a platelet activation marker. Although the predictive value of sCD40L for ischemic events has been demonstrated in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), studies on the association of sCD40L with cardiovascular outcomes in lower risk populations yielded heterogeneous results. We therefore sought to investigate factors influencing sCD40L levels, and the predictive value of sCD40L for long-term ischemic events in unselected, aspirin-treated patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. sCD40L was determined by a commercially available enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in 682 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Two-year follow-up data were obtained from 562 patients. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was associated with significantly lower levels of sCD40L and lower platelet surface expressions of P-selectin and activated GPIIb/IIIa compared to aspirin monotherapy (all p0.01). Hypertension was linked to lower plasma concentrations of sCD40L, whereas female sex, increasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hematocrit were associated with higher sCD40L concentrations (all p
Soluble CD40 Ligand in Aspirin-Treated Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization Thomas Gremmel1,2*, Andrew L. Frelinger, III1, Alan D. Michelson1 1 Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children´s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria * [email protected]
Abstract
OPEN ACCESS Citation: Gremmel T, Frelinger AL, III, Michelson AD (2015) Soluble CD40 Ligand in Aspirin-Treated Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0134599. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0134599 Editor: Ingo Ahrens, University Hospital Medical Centre, GERMANY Received: April 15, 2015 Accepted: July 12, 2015 Published: August 3, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Gremmel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report.
Plasma soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is mainly generated by cleavage of CD40L from the surface of activated platelets, and therefore considered a platelet activation marker. Although the predictive value of sCD40L for ischemic events has been demonstrated in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), studies on the association of sCD40L with cardiovascular outcomes in lower risk populations yielded heterogeneous results. We therefore sought to investigate factors influencing sCD40L levels, and the predictive value of sCD40L for long-term ischemic events in unselected, aspirin-treated patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. sCD40L was determined by a commercially available enzymelinked immunosorbent assay in 682 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Two-year follow-up data were obtained from 562 patients. Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was associated with significantly lower levels of sCD40L and lower platelet surface expressions of P-selectin and activated GPIIb/IIIa compared to aspirin monotherapy (all p0.01). Hypertension was linked to lower plasma concentrations of sCD40L, whereas female sex, increasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and hematocrit were associated with higher sCD40L concentrations (all p
