Mitochondrial DNA The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang & Guohua Chen To cite this article: Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang & Guohua Chen (2015): The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros, Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1028035
Published online: 26 May 2015.
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [University of Manitoba Libraries]
Date: 12 November 2015, At: 20:28
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2015 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1028035
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang, and Guohua Chen
Mitochondrial DNA
College of Ocean, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitochondrial genome of Aluterus monoceros (A. monoceros) has been sequenced. The mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros is 16,429 bp in length, consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and a D-loop region (Gen Bank accession number KP637022). The base A + T of the mitochondrial genome is 63.25%, including 33.16% of A, 30.09% of T and 20.74% of C. Twelve protein-coding genes start with a standard ATG as the initiation codon, expect for the COXI, which begins with GTG. Some of the termination codons are incomplete T or TA, except for the ND1, COXI, ATP8, ND4L1, ND5 and ND6, which stop with TAA. Construction of phylogenetic trees based on the entire mitochondrial genome sequence of 14 Tetrodontiformes species constructed has suggested that A. monoceros has closer relationship with Acreichthys tomentosus and Monacanthus chinensis, and they constitute a sister group.
Aluterus monoceros, mitochondrial genome, sequence analysis
Aluterus monoceros, one of the species belonging to the group Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontoidei, Monacanthidae and Aluterus, is a warm-water cultured fish in the world, which is mainly distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, particularly in tropical and subtropical waters. It is an economic species commonly known to produce frozen fillets and fish gelatin. Although the fillet of A. monoceros is small, it contains high collagen fiber and is evenly distributed, which makes it wildly used and efficiently characterized (Ahmad & Benjakul, 2011; Ahmad et al., 2011). Meanwhile, it is also used as superior raw material in making leather products (Ahmad et al., 2010; Sadowska et al., 2003). Nevertheless, there is no sufficient information on A. monoceros. In this study, we observed and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Aluterus. Our purpose was to demonstrate the molecular data and basic gene evidence in terms of systematic classification of Aluterus, the analysis of population genomic diversity and the resources protection of population quality. The samples were collected from the South China Sea. Fin samples were immediately preserved in 95% alcohol. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros is 16,429 bp in length. The gene order and compositions of A. monoceros are quite similar to that of most fishes. It contains 37 coding genes (22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12s rRNA and 16s rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes) and a D-loop control region, which is 781 bp in length. Most genes were either abutted or
Correspondence: Guohua Chen, College of Ocean, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 7 February 2015 Revised 2 March 2015 Accepted 8 March 2015 Published online 26 May 2015
overlapped; of which 9 genes (tRNA-Gln, tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Asn, tRNA-Cys, tRNA-Tyr, tRNA-Ser, ND6, tRNA-Glu, tRNA-Pro) were encoded on the L-strand, and the rest 28 genes were encoded on the H-strand. The compositions of the L-strand of the A. monoceros revealed are 26.01% of A, 27.35% of T, 29.20% of G and 17.43% of C. The compositions of base A + T of the mitochondrial DNA of A. monoceros are 33.16% of A, 30.09% of T, 20.74% of C, 16.01% of G, (A + T)63.25%4(G + C)36.75%, showing moderate preference to AT, which is with the same preference of vertebrates to base A and T. As for the complete mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros, it is either abutted or overlapped. The mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros contains 22 tRNA genes. Genes tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ser have two different sequences, but other 18 genes share only one sequence varying from 67 to 75bp in length. The 12s rRNA located between tRNAPhe and tRNA-Val is 947 bp in length, and the 16s rRNA located between tRNAVal and tRNALeu is 1681 bp in length. The mtDNA of A. monoceros consists of 13 protein-coding genes (ND1, ND2, COXI, COXII, ATP8, ATP6, COXIII, ND3, ND4L, ND4, ND5, ND6, Cytb), of which 12t protein-coding genes begin with a standard ATG start codon, expect for COXI that begins with GTG. Most of the termination codons are incomplete T or TA, except for ND1, COXI, ATP8, ND4L, ND5 and ND6, which stop with TAA. The D-loop control region is 781 bp in length, located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on mitochondrial genome nucleotide sequences of the A. monoceros and other 13 kinds of fish were constructed under the Bootstrap method (Figure 1). Compared to the sequences of nucleotide homology of mitochondrial genome in the A. monoceros and 13 fishes, it shows that the Tetraodontiformes and 13 fishes have high nucleotide homology. The A. monoceros has closer relationship with the
2
W. Li et al.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from A. monoceros (KP637022) and the other 13 kinds of fish mtDNA genome nucleotide sequences. Genbank accession numbers of the sequences: Aluterus scriptus, AP009183.1; Rhinecanthus aculeatus, AP009210.1; Amanses scopas, AP009214.1; Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus, AP009209.1; Diodon holocanthus, AP009177.1; Chilomycterus reticulates, AP009188.1; Cantherhines pardalis, AP009184.1; Thamnaconus modestus, AP009185.1; Rudarius ercodes, AP009227.1; Takifugu rubripes, AP006045.1; Paraluteres prionurus, AP009222.1; Acreichthys tomentosus, AP009213.1; Monacanthus chinensis, AP009219.1.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Aluterus scriptus
100
Rhinecanthus aculeatus
74
Amanses scopas
99 100 98
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus Diodon holocanthus Chilomycterus reticulatus Cantherhines pardalis
99 100
Thamnaconus modestus Rudarius ercodes Takifugu rubripes Paraluteres prionurus
84
Aluterus monoceros
90
Acreichthys tomentosus
87 100
Monacanthus chinensis
0.5
Acreichthys tomentosus and Monacanthus chinensis, and they constitute a sister group.
Mitochondrial DNA
Declaration of interest This work was supported by China 863 project (NO. 2012AA10A414), Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (313046).
References Ahmad M, Benjakul S. (2011). Characteristics of gelatin from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros) as influenced by acid pretreatment and extraction time. Food Hydrocolloids 25:381–8.
Ahmad M, Benjakul S, Nalinanon S. (2010). Compositional and physicochemical characteristics of acid solubilized collagen extracted from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros). Food Hydrocolloids 24:588–94. Ahmad M, Benjakul S, Ovissipour M. (2011). Thummanoon prodpran, indigenous proteases in the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Alutherus monoceros) and their influence on characteristic and functional properties of gelatin. Food Chem 127:508–15. Sadowska M, Kolodziejska I, Niecikowska C. (2003). Isolation of collagen from the skins of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). Food Chem 81: 257–62.
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang & Guohua Chen To cite this article: Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang & Guohua Chen (2015): The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros, Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1028035
Published online: 26 May 2015.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 5
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [University of Manitoba Libraries]
Date: 12 November 2015, At: 20:28
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2015 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1028035
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Aluterus monoceros Wenshen Li, Guoqing Zhang, Xin Wen, Qian Wang, and Guohua Chen
Mitochondrial DNA
College of Ocean, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, P.R. China
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitochondrial genome of Aluterus monoceros (A. monoceros) has been sequenced. The mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros is 16,429 bp in length, consisting of 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and a D-loop region (Gen Bank accession number KP637022). The base A + T of the mitochondrial genome is 63.25%, including 33.16% of A, 30.09% of T and 20.74% of C. Twelve protein-coding genes start with a standard ATG as the initiation codon, expect for the COXI, which begins with GTG. Some of the termination codons are incomplete T or TA, except for the ND1, COXI, ATP8, ND4L1, ND5 and ND6, which stop with TAA. Construction of phylogenetic trees based on the entire mitochondrial genome sequence of 14 Tetrodontiformes species constructed has suggested that A. monoceros has closer relationship with Acreichthys tomentosus and Monacanthus chinensis, and they constitute a sister group.
Aluterus monoceros, mitochondrial genome, sequence analysis
Aluterus monoceros, one of the species belonging to the group Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontoidei, Monacanthidae and Aluterus, is a warm-water cultured fish in the world, which is mainly distributed in the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, particularly in tropical and subtropical waters. It is an economic species commonly known to produce frozen fillets and fish gelatin. Although the fillet of A. monoceros is small, it contains high collagen fiber and is evenly distributed, which makes it wildly used and efficiently characterized (Ahmad & Benjakul, 2011; Ahmad et al., 2011). Meanwhile, it is also used as superior raw material in making leather products (Ahmad et al., 2010; Sadowska et al., 2003). Nevertheless, there is no sufficient information on A. monoceros. In this study, we observed and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome of Aluterus. Our purpose was to demonstrate the molecular data and basic gene evidence in terms of systematic classification of Aluterus, the analysis of population genomic diversity and the resources protection of population quality. The samples were collected from the South China Sea. Fin samples were immediately preserved in 95% alcohol. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros is 16,429 bp in length. The gene order and compositions of A. monoceros are quite similar to that of most fishes. It contains 37 coding genes (22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12s rRNA and 16s rRNA), 13 protein-coding genes) and a D-loop control region, which is 781 bp in length. Most genes were either abutted or
Correspondence: Guohua Chen, College of Ocean, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P.R. China. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 7 February 2015 Revised 2 March 2015 Accepted 8 March 2015 Published online 26 May 2015
overlapped; of which 9 genes (tRNA-Gln, tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Asn, tRNA-Cys, tRNA-Tyr, tRNA-Ser, ND6, tRNA-Glu, tRNA-Pro) were encoded on the L-strand, and the rest 28 genes were encoded on the H-strand. The compositions of the L-strand of the A. monoceros revealed are 26.01% of A, 27.35% of T, 29.20% of G and 17.43% of C. The compositions of base A + T of the mitochondrial DNA of A. monoceros are 33.16% of A, 30.09% of T, 20.74% of C, 16.01% of G, (A + T)63.25%4(G + C)36.75%, showing moderate preference to AT, which is with the same preference of vertebrates to base A and T. As for the complete mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros, it is either abutted or overlapped. The mitochondrial genome of A. monoceros contains 22 tRNA genes. Genes tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Ser have two different sequences, but other 18 genes share only one sequence varying from 67 to 75bp in length. The 12s rRNA located between tRNAPhe and tRNA-Val is 947 bp in length, and the 16s rRNA located between tRNAVal and tRNALeu is 1681 bp in length. The mtDNA of A. monoceros consists of 13 protein-coding genes (ND1, ND2, COXI, COXII, ATP8, ATP6, COXIII, ND3, ND4L, ND4, ND5, ND6, Cytb), of which 12t protein-coding genes begin with a standard ATG start codon, expect for COXI that begins with GTG. Most of the termination codons are incomplete T or TA, except for ND1, COXI, ATP8, ND4L, ND5 and ND6, which stop with TAA. The D-loop control region is 781 bp in length, located between tRNA-Pro and tRNA-Phe. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree based on mitochondrial genome nucleotide sequences of the A. monoceros and other 13 kinds of fish were constructed under the Bootstrap method (Figure 1). Compared to the sequences of nucleotide homology of mitochondrial genome in the A. monoceros and 13 fishes, it shows that the Tetraodontiformes and 13 fishes have high nucleotide homology. The A. monoceros has closer relationship with the
2
W. Li et al.
Figure 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from A. monoceros (KP637022) and the other 13 kinds of fish mtDNA genome nucleotide sequences. Genbank accession numbers of the sequences: Aluterus scriptus, AP009183.1; Rhinecanthus aculeatus, AP009210.1; Amanses scopas, AP009214.1; Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus, AP009209.1; Diodon holocanthus, AP009177.1; Chilomycterus reticulates, AP009188.1; Cantherhines pardalis, AP009184.1; Thamnaconus modestus, AP009185.1; Rudarius ercodes, AP009227.1; Takifugu rubripes, AP006045.1; Paraluteres prionurus, AP009222.1; Acreichthys tomentosus, AP009213.1; Monacanthus chinensis, AP009219.1.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Aluterus scriptus
100
Rhinecanthus aculeatus
74
Amanses scopas
99 100 98
Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus Diodon holocanthus Chilomycterus reticulatus Cantherhines pardalis
99 100
Thamnaconus modestus Rudarius ercodes Takifugu rubripes Paraluteres prionurus
84
Aluterus monoceros
90
Acreichthys tomentosus
87 100
Monacanthus chinensis
0.5
Acreichthys tomentosus and Monacanthus chinensis, and they constitute a sister group.
Mitochondrial DNA
Declaration of interest This work was supported by China 863 project (NO. 2012AA10A414), Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (313046).
References Ahmad M, Benjakul S. (2011). Characteristics of gelatin from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros) as influenced by acid pretreatment and extraction time. Food Hydrocolloids 25:381–8.
Ahmad M, Benjakul S, Nalinanon S. (2010). Compositional and physicochemical characteristics of acid solubilized collagen extracted from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Aluterus monoceros). Food Hydrocolloids 24:588–94. Ahmad M, Benjakul S, Ovissipour M. (2011). Thummanoon prodpran, indigenous proteases in the skin of unicorn leatherjacket (Alutherus monoceros) and their influence on characteristic and functional properties of gelatin. Food Chem 127:508–15. Sadowska M, Kolodziejska I, Niecikowska C. (2003). Isolation of collagen from the skins of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). Food Chem 81: 257–62.
