http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.892086
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea Kwang Bae Yoon1, Jin Hong Lee1, Jae Youl Cho2, and Yung Chul Park1 Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea and 2Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Laurentian University on 11/23/14 For personal use only.
1
Abstract
Keywords
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat, Vespertilio sinensis, was determined. The genome organization, gene contents, and codon usage conformed to those of other bat mitochondrial genomes. The total length of the mitogenome of Vespertilio sinensis is 16,971 bp with a total base composition of 32.6% A, 29.6% T, 23.7% C and 14.0% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S RNA) genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region.
Asian particolored bat, mitogenome, Vespertilio sinensis, Vespertilionidae
The Asian particolored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) belongs to the family Vespertilionidae and are distributed across East Asia, from Taiwan through eastern China, eastern Mongolia and Siberia to the Korean Peninsula and Japan (Davie et al., 2012; Jin et al., 2012). This species roosts in tree hollows of large trees, as well as in houses and caves along the coast (Yoon et al., 2004). Korean populations of V. sinensis have been poorly understood in molecular level as well as morphological and ecological aspects. We collected carcass of the species in Seoraksan National Park (Sokcho-si, Gangwon-do) in South Korea. In the present article, we announce characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome (KJ081440) of Korean V. sinensis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the wing membrane tissue of the specimen using the DNeasy_Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Previously published mitochondrial genomes of the serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus (KF111725) and two subspecies of the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (JN392460 and JX084273; Yoon et al., 2011, 2012) were used to design primers for PCR amplification and also used as templates for gene annotation. The total length of the mitogenome of V. sinensis is 16,971 bp with a total base composition of 32.6% A, 29.6% T, 23.7% C and 14.0% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S RNA) genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region (Table 1). Except for the eight tRNA genes and ND6, all the other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The total length of the protein-coding gene sequences
Correspondence: Yung Chul Park, Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Jae Youl Cho, Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-476, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 16 January 2014 Accepted 25 January 2014 Published online 24 March 2014
Table 1. Genome organization of V. sinensis.
Gene
Start Stop Length Anti Start Stop position position (bp) codon codon codon Strand
tRNAPhe 12S rRNA tRNAVal 16S rRNA tRNALeu(CUN) Nd1 tRNAIle tRNAGln tRNAMet Nd2 tRNATrp tRNAAla tRNAAsn OL tRNACys tRNATyr Cox1 tRNASer(UCN) tRNAAsp Cox2 tRNALys ATP8 ATP6 Cox3 tRNAGly Nd3 tRNAArg Nd4L Nd4 tRNAHis tRNASer(AGY) tRNALeu(UUR) Nd5 Nd6
1 72 1025 1096 2668 2749 3705 3770 3843 3911 4953 5024 5096 5169 5201 5267 5335 6883 6959 7026 7713 7781 7942 8622 9406 9475 9822 9891 10,181 11,559 11,627 11,686 11,756 13,560
71 1024 1095 2667 2742 3704 3772 3842 3910 4952 5019 5095 5168 5203 5266 5333 6879 6951 7025 7709 7779 7984 8622 9405 9474 9821 9889 10,187 11,558 11,626 11,685 11,755 13,576 14,087
71 953 71 1572 75 956 68 73 68 1042 67 72 73 35 66 67 1545 69 67 684 67 204 681 784 69 347 68 297 1378 68 59 70 1821 528
GAA TAC TAA ATG
TA–
ATT
T– –
ATG
TAA
ATG
TAA
ATG ATG ATG
TAA TAA T– –
ATT
TA–
ATG ATG
TAA T– –
ATA ATG
TAA TAA
GAT TTG CAT TCA TGC GTT GCA GTA TGA GTC TTT
TCC TCG GTG GCT TAG
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
(continued )
2
K. B. Yoon et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Declaration of interest
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Laurentian University on 11/23/14 For personal use only.
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Start Stop Length Anti Start Stop position position (bp) codon codon codon Strand
tRNAGlu Cytb tRNAThr tRNAPro D-loop
14,088 14,163 15,303 15,373 15,441
14,158 15,302 15,373 15,440 16,971
71 1140 71 68 1531
TTC ATG TGT TGG
AGA
+ + +
is 11,407 bp. Except for ND2, ND3 (ATT start codon), and ND5 (ATA start codon), the remaining protein-coding genes initiate with ATG. Seven protein-coding genes terminate with TAA, whereas the CYTB gene terminates with AGA. Incomplete stop codons (T– – or TA–) were found in ND2, COX3 and ND4 (T– –) and ND1 and ND3 (TA–) which might be completed by poly A of the 30 end of mRNA after transcription (Wei et al., 2007). The total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1518 bp varying from 59 bp (tRNASer (AGY)) to 75 bp (tRNALeu (CUN)). Except for the tRNASer (AGY) gene which appears to lack a dihydrouridine arm. The other 21 tRNA genes could be fold into typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The OL region (H-strand replication origin) is located between tRNAAsn and tRNACys within the WANCY region containing the five tRNA genes (tRNATrp, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr) that could be found in most vertebrates (Seutin et al., 1994). The D-loop region is located between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes as seen in other bat mitogenomes (Yoon et al., 2013). A short sequence of ‘‘ACGCAT’’ is repeated 47 times in D-loop. The present study will be useful for the further study of the genetics and evolutionary research of the Korean bat species.
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was carried out with the support of ‘‘NRF Joint Research Program (Project No. NRF-2013K2A1A2055207)’’ of National Research Foundation of Korea.
References Davie HS, Murdoch JD, Naran NE, Ariunbold J, Batdorj S, Reading RP. (2012). Bat diversity at Ikh Nart nature reserve, Mongolia. Mongolian J Biol Sci 10:33–40. Jin L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Sun K, Kanwal JS, Feng J. (2012). Postnatal development of morphological and vocal features in Asian particolored bat, Vespertilio sinensis. Mamm Biol 77:339–44. Seutin G, Lang BF, Mindell DP, Morais R. (1994). Evolution of the WANCY region in amniote mitochondrial DNA. Mol Biol Evol 11: 329–41. Wei L, Wu X, Jiang Z. (2007). The complete mitochondrial genome structure of snow leopard Panthera uncial. Mol Biol Rep 36:871–8. Yoon KB, Kim HR, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Park YC. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA 24:397–9. Yoon KB, Kim JY, Cho JY, Park YC. (2011). The complete mitochondrial genome of the greater horseshoe bat subspecies, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mitochondrial DNA 22:102–4. Yoon KB, Kim JY, Kim HR, Cho JY, Park YC. (2012). The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of greater horseshoe bat subspecies, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum quelpartis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:22–4. Yoon MH, Han SH, Oh HS, Kim JG. (2004). The mammals of Korea. Seoul: Dongbang media Published.
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea Kwang Bae Yoon1, Jin Hong Lee1, Jae Youl Cho2, and Yung Chul Park1 Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea and 2Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Laurentian University on 11/23/14 For personal use only.
1
Abstract
Keywords
The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat, Vespertilio sinensis, was determined. The genome organization, gene contents, and codon usage conformed to those of other bat mitochondrial genomes. The total length of the mitogenome of Vespertilio sinensis is 16,971 bp with a total base composition of 32.6% A, 29.6% T, 23.7% C and 14.0% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S RNA) genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region.
Asian particolored bat, mitogenome, Vespertilio sinensis, Vespertilionidae
The Asian particolored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) belongs to the family Vespertilionidae and are distributed across East Asia, from Taiwan through eastern China, eastern Mongolia and Siberia to the Korean Peninsula and Japan (Davie et al., 2012; Jin et al., 2012). This species roosts in tree hollows of large trees, as well as in houses and caves along the coast (Yoon et al., 2004). Korean populations of V. sinensis have been poorly understood in molecular level as well as morphological and ecological aspects. We collected carcass of the species in Seoraksan National Park (Sokcho-si, Gangwon-do) in South Korea. In the present article, we announce characteristics of the complete mitochondrial genome (KJ081440) of Korean V. sinensis. Total genomic DNA was extracted from the wing membrane tissue of the specimen using the DNeasy_Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Previously published mitochondrial genomes of the serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus (KF111725) and two subspecies of the greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (JN392460 and JX084273; Yoon et al., 2011, 2012) were used to design primers for PCR amplification and also used as templates for gene annotation. The total length of the mitogenome of V. sinensis is 16,971 bp with a total base composition of 32.6% A, 29.6% T, 23.7% C and 14.0% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S RNA) genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region (Table 1). Except for the eight tRNA genes and ND6, all the other mitochondrial genes are encoded on the heavy strand. The total length of the protein-coding gene sequences
Correspondence: Yung Chul Park, Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected] Jae Youl Cho, Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-476, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
History Received 16 January 2014 Accepted 25 January 2014 Published online 24 March 2014
Table 1. Genome organization of V. sinensis.
Gene
Start Stop Length Anti Start Stop position position (bp) codon codon codon Strand
tRNAPhe 12S rRNA tRNAVal 16S rRNA tRNALeu(CUN) Nd1 tRNAIle tRNAGln tRNAMet Nd2 tRNATrp tRNAAla tRNAAsn OL tRNACys tRNATyr Cox1 tRNASer(UCN) tRNAAsp Cox2 tRNALys ATP8 ATP6 Cox3 tRNAGly Nd3 tRNAArg Nd4L Nd4 tRNAHis tRNASer(AGY) tRNALeu(UUR) Nd5 Nd6
1 72 1025 1096 2668 2749 3705 3770 3843 3911 4953 5024 5096 5169 5201 5267 5335 6883 6959 7026 7713 7781 7942 8622 9406 9475 9822 9891 10,181 11,559 11,627 11,686 11,756 13,560
71 1024 1095 2667 2742 3704 3772 3842 3910 4952 5019 5095 5168 5203 5266 5333 6879 6951 7025 7709 7779 7984 8622 9405 9474 9821 9889 10,187 11,558 11,626 11,685 11,755 13,576 14,087
71 953 71 1572 75 956 68 73 68 1042 67 72 73 35 66 67 1545 69 67 684 67 204 681 784 69 347 68 297 1378 68 59 70 1821 528
GAA TAC TAA ATG
TA–
ATT
T– –
ATG
TAA
ATG
TAA
ATG ATG ATG
TAA TAA T– –
ATT
TA–
ATG ATG
TAA T– –
ATA ATG
TAA TAA
GAT TTG CAT TCA TGC GTT GCA GTA TGA GTC TTT
TCC TCG GTG GCT TAG
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
(continued )
2
K. B. Yoon et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Declaration of interest
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Laurentian University on 11/23/14 For personal use only.
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Start Stop Length Anti Start Stop position position (bp) codon codon codon Strand
tRNAGlu Cytb tRNAThr tRNAPro D-loop
14,088 14,163 15,303 15,373 15,441
14,158 15,302 15,373 15,440 16,971
71 1140 71 68 1531
TTC ATG TGT TGG
AGA
+ + +
is 11,407 bp. Except for ND2, ND3 (ATT start codon), and ND5 (ATA start codon), the remaining protein-coding genes initiate with ATG. Seven protein-coding genes terminate with TAA, whereas the CYTB gene terminates with AGA. Incomplete stop codons (T– – or TA–) were found in ND2, COX3 and ND4 (T– –) and ND1 and ND3 (TA–) which might be completed by poly A of the 30 end of mRNA after transcription (Wei et al., 2007). The total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1518 bp varying from 59 bp (tRNASer (AGY)) to 75 bp (tRNALeu (CUN)). Except for the tRNASer (AGY) gene which appears to lack a dihydrouridine arm. The other 21 tRNA genes could be fold into typical cloverleaf secondary structure. The OL region (H-strand replication origin) is located between tRNAAsn and tRNACys within the WANCY region containing the five tRNA genes (tRNATrp, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr) that could be found in most vertebrates (Seutin et al., 1994). The D-loop region is located between the tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes as seen in other bat mitogenomes (Yoon et al., 2013). A short sequence of ‘‘ACGCAT’’ is repeated 47 times in D-loop. The present study will be useful for the further study of the genetics and evolutionary research of the Korean bat species.
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was carried out with the support of ‘‘NRF Joint Research Program (Project No. NRF-2013K2A1A2055207)’’ of National Research Foundation of Korea.
References Davie HS, Murdoch JD, Naran NE, Ariunbold J, Batdorj S, Reading RP. (2012). Bat diversity at Ikh Nart nature reserve, Mongolia. Mongolian J Biol Sci 10:33–40. Jin L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Sun K, Kanwal JS, Feng J. (2012). Postnatal development of morphological and vocal features in Asian particolored bat, Vespertilio sinensis. Mamm Biol 77:339–44. Seutin G, Lang BF, Mindell DP, Morais R. (1994). Evolution of the WANCY region in amniote mitochondrial DNA. Mol Biol Evol 11: 329–41. Wei L, Wu X, Jiang Z. (2007). The complete mitochondrial genome structure of snow leopard Panthera uncial. Mol Biol Rep 36:871–8. Yoon KB, Kim HR, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Park YC. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA 24:397–9. Yoon KB, Kim JY, Cho JY, Park YC. (2011). The complete mitochondrial genome of the greater horseshoe bat subspecies, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mitochondrial DNA 22:102–4. Yoon KB, Kim JY, Kim HR, Cho JY, Park YC. (2012). The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of greater horseshoe bat subspecies, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum quelpartis (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:22–4. Yoon MH, Han SH, Oh HS, Kim JG. (2004). The mammals of Korea. Seoul: Dongbang media Published.
