http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.982598
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitogenome of the Korean greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Gwang Bae Yoon and Yung Chul Park
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Kainan University on 04/23/15 For personal use only.
College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitogenome of the Korean greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) was determined. The mitogenome of M. leucogaster is 16,723 bp in length with a total base composition of 32.8% A, 27.5% T, 25.3% C and 14.4% G. All the protein-coding genes (total length of 11,404 bp) were encoded in H-strand except for ND6 in L-strand. Total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1508 bp varying from 62 bp (tRNASer(AGY)) to 74 bp (tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNAGln). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were 972 and 1558 bp in length, respectively. The D-loop region was 1383 bp in length and included 54 copies of 6 bp tandem repeat (ACGCAT).
Korean greater tube-nosed bat, mitogenome, Murina leucogaster, Vespertilionidae
Greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster are found in Korea, India, Mongolia, China and Nepal. They are distributed in fairly wide regions across Asia, but probably never abundant (Fukui et al., 2004; Stubbe et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2004). Taxonomy of the species remains very confused with probably a species complex (Stubbe et al., 2008). In the present paper, we announce characteristics of the complete mitogenome (KM893454) of a Korean greater tube-nosed bat, M. leucogaster. Tissues for total genomic DNA extraction were collected from flying membrane of a M. leucogaster individual. A previously published mitochondrial genome (NC021119) of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Yoon et al., 2013) was used to design PCR amplification primers and as a template for gene annotation of
History Received 17 October 2014 Accepted 18 October 2014 Published online 25 November 2014
M. leucogaster mitogenome as well. The complete mitogenome is 16,723 bp in length, with a total base composition of 32.8% A, 27.5% T, 25.3% C and 14.4% G. As in other bat species (Nam et al., 2013; Yoon et al., 2013, 2014), the mitogenome encodes 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and one control region (Table 1). Total length of all the protein-coding genes is 11,404 bp and all the other genes for except ND6 are encoded in the H-strand. Most common start codon is ATG, which is found in the 10 protein-coding genes. The start codon ATT is found in ND2 and ATC and ATA are found in ND3 and ND5, respectively. The stop codon TAA is found in the seven protein-coding genes, whereas a rarely used stop codon AGA is found in only Cytb gene. Incomplete termination codons are found
Table 1. Mitogenome organization of M. leucogaster. Gene
Start position Phe
tRNA 12S rRNA tRNAVal 16S rRNA tRNALeu(CUN) ND1 tRNAIle tRNAGln tRNAMet ND2 tRNATrp tRNAAla tRNAAsn OL tRNACys tRNATyr COX1
1 70 1042 1110 2668 2747 3700 3766 3840 3909 4951 5022 5092 5165 5198 5263 5331
Stop position 69 1041 1109 2667 2741 3699 3768 3839 3908 4950 5017 5090 5164 5200 5262 5329 6875
Length (bp)
Anticodon
69 972 68 1558 74 953 69 74 69 1042 67 69 73 36 65 67 1545
GAA
Start codon
Stop codon
TAC TAA ATG
TA–
ATT
T– –
ATG
TAA
GAT TTG CAT TCA TGC GTT GCA GTA
Strand + + + + + + + + + + + + (continued )
Correspondence: Professor Yung Chul Park, College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Y. C. Park
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Kainan University on 04/23/15 For personal use only.
Ser(UCN)
tRNA tRNAAsp COX2 tRNALys ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNAGly ND3 tRNAArg ND4L ND4 tRNAHis tRNASer(AGY) tRNALeu(UUR) ND5 ND6 tRNAGlu Cytb tRNAThr tRNAPro D-loop
Start position
Stop position
Length (bp)
Anticodon
6883 6962 7029 7716 7784 7945 8625 9409 9477 9824 9893 10,183 11,567 11,636 11,698 11,768 13,569 14,094 14,166 15,306 15,375 15,441
6951 7028 7712 7782 7987 8625 9408 9476 9823 9891 10,189 11,566 11,635 11,697 11,767 13,585 14,093 14,161 15,305 15,375 15,440 16,823
69 67 684 67 204 681 784 68 347 68 297 1384 69 62 70 1818 525 68 1140 70 66 1383
TGA GTC
in ND1 and ND3 (TA–) and ND2, COX3 and ND4 (T– –), which will probably be completed by polyA of the 30 end of mRNA after transcription (Ojala et al., 1981). Total length of all tRNA genes is 1508 bp varying from 62 bp (tRNASer(AGY)) to 74 bp (tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNAGln). All the tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for the tRNASer(AGY) gene, which appears to lack a dihydrouridine arm. The H-strand replication origin (OL) is located between tRNAAsn and tRNACys genes within the WANCY region containing five tRNA genes (tRNATrp, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr), as seen in most vertebrates (Seutin et al., 1994). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes was 972 bp and 1558 bp in length, respectively, and located between tRNAPhe and and tRNALeu(CUN), with tRNAVal intervention between both of them. Length of the control region 1383 bp (AT ¼ 57.3%) with 54 copies of 6 bp tandem repeat (ACGCAT), which correspond to 324 bp long. This result will provide information which is helpful for genetic and evolutionary researches as well as taxonomic clarification of the M. leucogaster populations widely distributed in Asian regions.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was supported by a grant from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Joint Research Program ‘‘2013K2A1A2055207’’.
Start codon
Stop codon
ATG
TAA
ATG ATG ATG
TAA TAA T– –
ATC
TA–
ATG ATG
TAA T– –
ATA ATG
TAA TAA
ATG
AGA
TTT
TCC TCG GTG AAG TAG TTC TGT TGG
Strand + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
References Fukui D, Agetsuma N, Hill DA. (2004). Acoustic identification of eight species of bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inhabiting forests of southern Hokkaido, Japan: Potential for conservation monitoring. Zool Sci 21: 947–55. Nam TW, Yoon KB, Cho JY, Park YC. (2013). Complete mitochondrial genome of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA. (Posted online). Ojala D, Monotoya J, Attardi G. (1981). tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. Nature 290:470–474. Seutin G, Lang BF, Mindell DP, Morais R. (1994). Evolution of the WANCY region in amniote Mitochondrial DNA. Mol Biol Evol 11: 329–41. Stubbe M, Ariunbold J, Buuveibaatar V, Dorjderem S, Monkhzul TS, Otgonbaatar M, Tsogbadrakh M, et al. (2008). Murina leucogaster. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org (Accessed 17 October 2014) Yoon KB, Kim HR, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Park YC. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA 24:397–9. Yoon KB, Lee JH, Cho JY, Park YC. (2014). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA. (Posted online). Yoon MH, Han SH, Oh HS, Kim JG. (2004). The mammals of Korea. Seoul, Korea: Dongbangmedia Publ.
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitogenome of the Korean greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Gwang Bae Yoon and Yung Chul Park
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Kainan University on 04/23/15 For personal use only.
College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitogenome of the Korean greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) was determined. The mitogenome of M. leucogaster is 16,723 bp in length with a total base composition of 32.8% A, 27.5% T, 25.3% C and 14.4% G. All the protein-coding genes (total length of 11,404 bp) were encoded in H-strand except for ND6 in L-strand. Total length of 22 tRNA genes was 1508 bp varying from 62 bp (tRNASer(AGY)) to 74 bp (tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNAGln). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were 972 and 1558 bp in length, respectively. The D-loop region was 1383 bp in length and included 54 copies of 6 bp tandem repeat (ACGCAT).
Korean greater tube-nosed bat, mitogenome, Murina leucogaster, Vespertilionidae
Greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster are found in Korea, India, Mongolia, China and Nepal. They are distributed in fairly wide regions across Asia, but probably never abundant (Fukui et al., 2004; Stubbe et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2004). Taxonomy of the species remains very confused with probably a species complex (Stubbe et al., 2008). In the present paper, we announce characteristics of the complete mitogenome (KM893454) of a Korean greater tube-nosed bat, M. leucogaster. Tissues for total genomic DNA extraction were collected from flying membrane of a M. leucogaster individual. A previously published mitochondrial genome (NC021119) of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Yoon et al., 2013) was used to design PCR amplification primers and as a template for gene annotation of
History Received 17 October 2014 Accepted 18 October 2014 Published online 25 November 2014
M. leucogaster mitogenome as well. The complete mitogenome is 16,723 bp in length, with a total base composition of 32.8% A, 27.5% T, 25.3% C and 14.4% G. As in other bat species (Nam et al., 2013; Yoon et al., 2013, 2014), the mitogenome encodes 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA) and one control region (Table 1). Total length of all the protein-coding genes is 11,404 bp and all the other genes for except ND6 are encoded in the H-strand. Most common start codon is ATG, which is found in the 10 protein-coding genes. The start codon ATT is found in ND2 and ATC and ATA are found in ND3 and ND5, respectively. The stop codon TAA is found in the seven protein-coding genes, whereas a rarely used stop codon AGA is found in only Cytb gene. Incomplete termination codons are found
Table 1. Mitogenome organization of M. leucogaster. Gene
Start position Phe
tRNA 12S rRNA tRNAVal 16S rRNA tRNALeu(CUN) ND1 tRNAIle tRNAGln tRNAMet ND2 tRNATrp tRNAAla tRNAAsn OL tRNACys tRNATyr COX1
1 70 1042 1110 2668 2747 3700 3766 3840 3909 4951 5022 5092 5165 5198 5263 5331
Stop position 69 1041 1109 2667 2741 3699 3768 3839 3908 4950 5017 5090 5164 5200 5262 5329 6875
Length (bp)
Anticodon
69 972 68 1558 74 953 69 74 69 1042 67 69 73 36 65 67 1545
GAA
Start codon
Stop codon
TAC TAA ATG
TA–
ATT
T– –
ATG
TAA
GAT TTG CAT TCA TGC GTT GCA GTA
Strand + + + + + + + + + + + + (continued )
Correspondence: Professor Yung Chul Park, College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Y. C. Park
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued
Gene
Mitochondrial DNA Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Kainan University on 04/23/15 For personal use only.
Ser(UCN)
tRNA tRNAAsp COX2 tRNALys ATP8 ATP6 COX3 tRNAGly ND3 tRNAArg ND4L ND4 tRNAHis tRNASer(AGY) tRNALeu(UUR) ND5 ND6 tRNAGlu Cytb tRNAThr tRNAPro D-loop
Start position
Stop position
Length (bp)
Anticodon
6883 6962 7029 7716 7784 7945 8625 9409 9477 9824 9893 10,183 11,567 11,636 11,698 11,768 13,569 14,094 14,166 15,306 15,375 15,441
6951 7028 7712 7782 7987 8625 9408 9476 9823 9891 10,189 11,566 11,635 11,697 11,767 13,585 14,093 14,161 15,305 15,375 15,440 16,823
69 67 684 67 204 681 784 68 347 68 297 1384 69 62 70 1818 525 68 1140 70 66 1383
TGA GTC
in ND1 and ND3 (TA–) and ND2, COX3 and ND4 (T– –), which will probably be completed by polyA of the 30 end of mRNA after transcription (Ojala et al., 1981). Total length of all tRNA genes is 1508 bp varying from 62 bp (tRNASer(AGY)) to 74 bp (tRNALeu(UUR) and tRNAGln). All the tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for the tRNASer(AGY) gene, which appears to lack a dihydrouridine arm. The H-strand replication origin (OL) is located between tRNAAsn and tRNACys genes within the WANCY region containing five tRNA genes (tRNATrp, tRNAAla, tRNAAsn, tRNACys and tRNATyr), as seen in most vertebrates (Seutin et al., 1994). The 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes was 972 bp and 1558 bp in length, respectively, and located between tRNAPhe and and tRNALeu(CUN), with tRNAVal intervention between both of them. Length of the control region 1383 bp (AT ¼ 57.3%) with 54 copies of 6 bp tandem repeat (ACGCAT), which correspond to 324 bp long. This result will provide information which is helpful for genetic and evolutionary researches as well as taxonomic clarification of the M. leucogaster populations widely distributed in Asian regions.
Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This study was supported by a grant from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Joint Research Program ‘‘2013K2A1A2055207’’.
Start codon
Stop codon
ATG
TAA
ATG ATG ATG
TAA TAA T– –
ATC
TA–
ATG ATG
TAA T– –
ATA ATG
TAA TAA
ATG
AGA
TTT
TCC TCG GTG AAG TAG TTC TGT TGG
Strand + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
References Fukui D, Agetsuma N, Hill DA. (2004). Acoustic identification of eight species of bat (Mammalia: Chiroptera) inhabiting forests of southern Hokkaido, Japan: Potential for conservation monitoring. Zool Sci 21: 947–55. Nam TW, Yoon KB, Cho JY, Park YC. (2013). Complete mitochondrial genome of the serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA. (Posted online). Ojala D, Monotoya J, Attardi G. (1981). tRNA punctuation model of RNA processing in human mitochondria. Nature 290:470–474. Seutin G, Lang BF, Mindell DP, Morais R. (1994). Evolution of the WANCY region in amniote Mitochondrial DNA. Mol Biol Evol 11: 329–41. Stubbe M, Ariunbold J, Buuveibaatar V, Dorjderem S, Monkhzul TS, Otgonbaatar M, Tsogbadrakh M, et al. (2008). Murina leucogaster. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.2. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org (Accessed 17 October 2014) Yoon KB, Kim HR, Kim JY, Jeon SH, Park YC. (2013). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA 24:397–9. Yoon KB, Lee JH, Cho JY, Park YC. (2014). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Asian particolored bat Vespertilio sinensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Korea. Mitochondrial DNA. (Posted online). Yoon MH, Han SH, Oh HS, Kim JG. (2004). The mammals of Korea. Seoul, Korea: Dongbangmedia Publ.
