The effect of individual dietary components on manganese absorption in humans13 Lena
Ake
Davidsson,
ABSTRACT
Our
manganese used
manganese
fects
milk
in human the effects
phytate,
as well Addition
significant nificant
decrease differences
a result
of the other
the evaluated
test meals component,
affected for the
Am J Clin Nutr
milk.
KEY
WORDS
tion,
human,
with and without Thus, manganese dietary factors of calcium to
milk,
formula
infant
reten-
We previously
developed
in adult
a method
humans
and
for measuring
recently
cow
milk.
and calcium human milk. milk
could
lower
For
lution.
Data
in the
from
animal
(2) and
times
studies
to the
because
have
from
was studied
before
shown
that
concentration
in humans,
in which
difference in manganese milk, manganese absorption
after
Soy
formula
l,n J C/in Nuir
contains
a considerable
1991;54:1065-70.
Printed
enhancer
other
and
the fact
similarities
that
manganese
(10),
imply
the
addition
in USA.
of our
possible manganese
observed
adults,
di-
manganese
nesium
of calcium
acid
(1 1
used
in these
cow-milk
studies
formula.
is known
previous
experience
with
sium
to evaluate absorption we included was
added
on manganese
the two
influence from test series
to wheat
absorption
the
to act
1 2); therefore,
,
the
acid on manstudied. Ascor-
to significantly enat low manganese a chemical-balance
were
These
of
with
infant
diets them
diets,
were and
ic, hu-
chosen also
be-
because
However, to make
of some dietary factors meals normally consumed
ofstudies bread.
in which The
effect
was also studied
iron
and
of added
because
it on by
mag-
magne-
of the
chemicalI From the Department ofClinical Nutrition and the Radiation Physics Department, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Hospital, GOteborg, Sweden, and the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. 2 Supported by US Department of Agriculture grants 85-CRCRI1582 and 87-CRCR-l-2572. 3 Address reprint requests to L Davidsson, Nestl#{233} Research Centre, P0 Box 353, CH- 1800 Vevey, Switzerland. ReceivedMarch 11, 1991. Accepted for publication June 27, 1991.
absorption befrom human
of manganese
and
a significant difference in formula and soy formula. amount
and
absorption.
interfere
Ascorbic
absorption
factors
of absorption
potentially
element. of iron
degree
and
that
also affect manganese may
a negative
was demonstrated
physicochemical
human milk is low in manganese, iron, and calcium. manganese absorption was studied in adults, and
calcium. Our previous studies also showed manganese absorption from cow-milk
of the
as a strong
cause
that in in cow
of isotope
by the
and
absorption
manganese
or a high
to
investi-
a study in which at a concentration
The
pathways
amounts
of the two elements
man-milk
and plasma-uptake tests were used, also inrole of calcium on manganese absorption (3, these two possible factors that may have con-
tributed to the observed tween human and cow
common absorption iron absorption could
technique (13). The test meals
of manganese
higher than of manganese
contributing
studies
results
infant diets (1); absorption beThere are, howbetween human
concentration
absorption,
be influenced
balance technique dicate a negative 4). To evaluate
milk
factor
manganese
can diet
the
is several concentration
be a possible
fractional
absorption
example,
in cow milk The higher
iron share
to for-
acid
present
to have
bic acid supplementation has been reported hance the apparent retention of manganese intakes when studied in humans by using
manganese
reported
a study on manganese absorption from various a significant difference in fractional manganese tween human milk and cow milk was observed. ever, several differences in nutrient composition and
manganese,
high
suggested
(5).
soy
phytic
in the
potential effect ofan elevated amount ofascorbic ganese absorption from cow-milk formula was
Introduction
absorption
iron
affecting Furthermore,
and
(7-9).
from
of adding
studied
has been
investigations and
effect
(6), we also conducted to cow-milk formula
between
either
whole-body
The
in soy formula. between iron
in rats
contributing
of manganese
therefore
phosphate
absorption
is one factor
absorption
was
Because
in several
phytate
in humans.
formula
similar to that An interaction
sigas
199 1 ;54: 1065-70.
absorption,
fractional
observed
manganese
that
effect on iron absorption phosphate was added
in a
whereas no were observed
to influence
possible
low
gation.
were
resulted
by most addition
Manganese, human
ef-
to infant
bread
milk
very
cow-milk
the
acid
is known
mula
manganese
to wheat
administered respectively.
the
observa-
and
absorption absorption
was not significantly in this study, except
human
paired
Furthermore,
to human
we
to measure
ascorbic
magnesium
in manganese in manganese
dietary
absorption evaluated
and
It is therefore
Using
and
of calcium
which
study
calcium
absorption.
phosphate,
as iron
evaluated.
affecting
In this
technique
adults.
Sandstr#{246}m
factors
limited.
of adding
on manganese
of adding
formula
is very
radionuclide
absorption
to human
of dietary
in man
developed
we explored
Bo L#{246}nnerdal, and Brittmarie
knowledge
absorption
a recently
tions,
Cederbiad,
of phytic
acid,
© 1991 American
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
Society
for Clinical
Nutrition
1065
1066
DAVIDSSON
similar
chemistry
of the
divalent
ions
of these
two
elements; can also
many of the enzymes that are activated by manganese use magnesium. Furthermore, foods rich in manganese often
high
in magnesium,
eg, green
leafy
are also
vegetables.
ET
AL
second test meal. Individual portions of the radioisotope stock solutions were diluted in deionized distilled water to a volume of 2 mL
milk
Subjects
and
methods
healthy
the study. and none
during
(24
men,
36 women)
volunteered
They had no history of gastrointestinal of the women were pregnant. The mean y). None of the subjects supplements containing
the study.
The
aims
and
consumed vitamins
procedures
The
25
any mcdior minerals
of the study
were
was provided. and by the
Isotope
Sahlgrenska
University
Committee
of
Gothcnburg and by the Human versity of California, Davis.
Hospital,
Subjects
Committee
of
at the Uni-
Pooled and pasteurized milk bank at the Ostra
human Hospital,
batches,
in studies
which
ganese
(500
Darmstadt, dihydrate,
were
used
zg/L
as manganese
FRG)
or calcium
Aldrich-Chemie,
of the two test meals
served
iron
(2 mg Fe/L)
Johnson,
in three
batches
and
or infant
formula
used IN).
mg/L subject
in studies
liquid
frozen
of450
acid,
Merck),
sodium hydrogen was done according
and
studies
serving
All
of 60 g refined
labeled
were
food
phosphate before ad-
to study
7 consisted
flour
(70%
oftwo
bread
extraction
rate),
grade.
serving
with
The
0.2 MBq
test MMn
UK) or with 0.3 MBq at the Department
of Oslo (14). When 54Mn was 54Mn was given in the first meal
Merck) or St Louis) meals
were
(Mna2, 52Mn. 52Mn of Physics,
administered and 0.5 MBq
twice, in the
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
had
con-
after
a 12-h
drawn
absorption. with and
the next
intake
during
acting
effect
in the fasting
during
food
subject
the
fast.
Mea-
Each without
for destatus. and no
3 h. The the
as his/her
of individual
state ofiron served
own
dietary
subjects
study.
Paired
control)
were
components
on
subject thus took a labeled the added dietary component,
test re-
spectively. The two test meals were served on 2 consecutive days with 54Mn and 52Mn as a label or with a time lapse of “-6 wk when 54Mn was administered twice (1). Whole-body retention measurements were performed 2-3 times weekly for 30 d after the
ments
study
and
manganese
to day
during
days
gives
exposed
0 from
10-30
of the subjects was national Commission
absorption
(15). The resulting
evaluated by using on Radiological
the
exposure
calculated measure-
radiation
the model Protection
of the whole
ingestion a labeled
to 0.5-0.6
was
whole-body-retention
of a certain test meal.
exposure of the (ICRP)
body
Inter(16,
(effective
dose
amount of radioactivity In this study each subject
mSv.
Analysis Whole-blood
manganese
atomic absorption nace HGA 600,
was
Samples
ofthe
test
meals
standard Institute
were
Autoclave
distilled
and
magnesium
-3);
milk
formula
water. bread)
spectrophotometry and
manganese
was
used
after
addition
to determine
milk
(Bovine
samples
(see above). liver 1577a, Gaithcrsburg,
were
of minerals
determined
was
calcium,
of cow-
by atomic-absorption
360,
Perkin-Elmer).
done
after
dry
ashing
oxide. by the
(iron,
in the samples
(model
of lanthanum
sample
and heated to 160 #{176}C during 1 were made up to 25 mL with
Contents
phosphorus
of
homogenized
1 g of freeze-dried
concentrations ofcalcium and magnesium wet ashing at 290-300 #{176}C in sulfuric acid and
and
Technology,
as well as manganese and
Indices methods.
and fell within the certified range. were wet ashed in an autoclave
added to 6 mL 7 mol HNO3/L h. After wet ashing, the samples deionized
furMag-
( 1 8).
in the human atomic absorption
and
MD) was run simultaneously Before analysis the samples (Perkin-Elmer
modifier laboratory
for manganese
of Standards
electrothermal
with graphite Germany).
freeze-dried
content
material
by
equipped Uberlingcn,
as a matrix by routine
before analysis. Manganese was analyzed by electrothermal
A reference
analyzed
(Zeeman/3030 Perkin-Elmer,
nesium nitrate was used iron status were determined
National 6 and
morning
were
normal
(each
was
di-
in the
was allowed
their
milk
mg/L;
measured
weight were registered and each subject’s was measured in the whole-body
samples
or fluid
maintained observations used
to the
the subjects
ofwhole-blood manganese and indices extrinsically labeled test meal was then
other
were
added
vials were
after
Blood
until
(200
The empty counter
portions
were
termination The first
portions
addition to by pipetting of sodium sodium salt, mg/L; L(+)
The
then
counter.
of human
g deionized distilled water. The flour, distilled deionized water, of weighed amounts of dough,
proanalysis
before
Amersham, Buckinghamshire, was produced in the cyclotron University 0.25 MBq
phosphate
arrived
equivalent) after when consuming
each. Iron (5 mg/portion; FeSO4 X 7H2O, (125 mg/portion; MgSO4 X 7H2O, Sigma, to the dough when the rolls were prepared.
chemicals
pooled
serving.
ofheight and radioactivity
17), which
(Enfamil, was
ascorbic acid, and water immediately
wheat
with 10 g butter and 200 was prepared from wheat and salt. Rolls were made
extrinsically
low
phosphate dihydrate, Merck) to the test meals to the protocol described below. Individual
to the formula, respectively. test meals served in studies
30 g flour magnesium was added
2,
g.
sodium
portions of calcium, phytic acid, were dissolved in 2 mL deionized
made
with
formula
in serving
Each
1 and
formula
A stock solution of manganese was prepared for the human milk (study 1) and manganese was added the solution into each portion before serving. Addition phytate (800 smol/L; inositol hexaphosphoric acid BDH Chemicals Ltd, Poole, UK), ascorbic acid (800 ascorbic
subjects
by extrapolation
to one
and
design
initiating
chloride
was added
in the other
respectively.
consisted
ManMerck
as calcium
FRG)
The
was kept
3-5,
from the different
2, respectively.
cow-milk
was
Evansville,
in studies
(800 to each
A whey-predominant
content
1 and
obtained in two
(II) chloride-2-hydrate, Steinheim,
respectively. Mead
milk was Goteborg,
capsules.
fluid.
manganese meal twice,
Diets
yeast,
the
surements background
dysfunction age was
and written information by the Ethical Committee
dough
before
in the whole-body
for
explained to the subjects The project was approved
rolls
or formula
sumed
subjects
y (range 19-53 cation or dietary
served
calibrator
Experimental
Sixty
dition The
plastic
in an activity
separately
Subjects
used
in standardized
measured
Analysis at 450
of iron
#{176}C whereas
were determined after and hydrogen peroxide The
same
Fiske-Subbarow
digests
were method
MANGANESE (19).
Nitrogen
nique
analysis
(Technicon
was performed
Autoanalyzer,
tent in the test meal by Davies and Reid
by a micro
Ardsley,
used in study (20).
ABSORPTION
Kjeldahl
NY).
Phytic
3 was determined
acid
IN HUMANS
tech-
TABLE
con-
Total
1067
2 manganese
content
and manganese
absorption
as described
Manganese
content
absorption*
statistical
dent’s
t test
evaluation
for paired
of manganese
samples
was
absorption
data,
Stu-
used.
Results Mean whole-blood manganese of the participating subjects was 0.22 ± 0.04 mol/L ( ± SD, range 0. 13-0.37 mol/L). Analyzed values, for women and men, respectively, for hemoglobin were 1 15-162 and 121-170 g/L; for serum iron, 10-29 and 1 1-34 imol/L respectively; and for total iron-binding capacity, 44-80 tmol/L. All values for whole-blood manganese hematological
laboratory.
indices
and
magnesium
diets
in the test
arc shown
with
absorption after subject is shown Addition
meals
in amounts
significantly
zg Mn
status.
observed
for any
to human
corresponding
of the
in Table
absorption
from
milk thus
absorption manganese
two diets did
man-
not
resulting
to each
change
the
in a signifi-
absorbed: 0. 19 ± 0.09 and addition ofcalcium to human to that
in cow
manganese
absorption.
in fractional
manganese
other
and
Individual ofthc
of manganese,
differences
arc given
manganese
repeated administration in Figures 1 and 2.
decreased
significant
studied
for our phospho-
nor was manganese
ofiron
cantly higher amount of manganese 7.6 ± 3.7 ig Mn, respectively. The milk
range
calcium,
2.
was observed,
absorption
normal
manganese
whole-blood
the indices
of 225
fractional
the iron,
mean
between
absorption
correlated
and in Table
correlation
ganese
within
ofnitrogen,
content
.
No
were
Concentrations
1 Manganese the
study
milk
resulted
No
statistically
absorption
in
1 (n = 8) Human milk Human milk with 2 (n = 9) Human milk Human milk with 3(n= 10) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula sodium phytate 4 (n = 8) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula phosphate 5 (n = 9) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula ascorbic acid 6 (n = 8) Wheat bread Wheat bread with 7 (n = 8) Wheat bread Wheat bread with *
Nitrogen
g
t Significantly
(study 1)
Iron
mg
calcium,
phosphorus,
and
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
mg
mg
mg
1.0
0.3
124
66
22
1.2
0.3
173
78
22
1.1
1.2
177
142
36
milk 2)
formula
(study4)
40 40
1.5 ± 0.66 1.2 ± 0.86
with added
40 40
1.8 ± 0.72 2.0 ± 0.96
with added
40 40
2.8 ± 1.1 2.8 ± 1.8
added
iron
550 540
2.5 ± 2.0 1.9 ± 1.3
added
magnesium
350 370
2.9 ± 1.8 2.0 ± 0.8
from study 2 diet with no added calcium,
amounts
1.0
1.2
177
114
26
1.0
1.2
193
130
32
1.5
12
124
32
0.9
1.1
20
130
24
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
(2 1) and
protein without
P
or retention. excretion
absorption
However,
is via bile,
observed
in earlier
reported
studies
for a very
sensitive
method
ganese ponents
(I
method
for studying
manganese
of test
meals
with
to identify dietary The low fractional
study,
as well as
demonstrates
precision
evaluating absorption.
the main
chemical-balance
in the present high
(22)
because the
1 5), clearly
with
absorption when on manganese
sic labeling
,
phosphorus
for meat (23) were tested any obvious effects on
technique is most likely not sensitive enough factors that influence manganese absorption.
the
to estimate
need man-
the effect of dietary comOur recently developed
absorption
in humans-extrin-
a radioisotope
of manganese
and
whole-body retention measurements-was applied in this study to evaluate the effect of certain dietary components on manganese absorption. The extrinsic tag method was recently valiby a direct
of a test
meal
When
method comprised
involving
simultaneous
primarily
of chicken
as well as intrinsically
ofmanganese repeated
0.9
of calcium ofsoy studies
absorption
of manganese
trinsically
formula
(study 5) Wheat bread (study#{243}) Wheat bread (study 7)
route
dated
formula
(study3)
Cow-milk
with added
different
different
manganese
milk
Cow-milk
4.9 ± 2.3 3.0 ± 1.6t
calcium
and a partial substitution in manganese-balance
TABLE 1 Concentrations of nitrogen, iron, magnesium in test meals/serving
(study
30 30
added
Ake
Davidsson,
ABSTRACT
Our
manganese used
manganese
fects
milk
in human the effects
phytate,
as well Addition
significant nificant
decrease differences
a result
of the other
the evaluated
test meals component,
affected for the
Am J Clin Nutr
milk.
KEY
WORDS
tion,
human,
with and without Thus, manganese dietary factors of calcium to
milk,
formula
infant
reten-
We previously
developed
in adult
a method
humans
and
for measuring
recently
cow
milk.
and calcium human milk. milk
could
lower
For
lution.
Data
in the
from
animal
(2) and
times
studies
to the
because
have
from
was studied
before
shown
that
concentration
in humans,
in which
difference in manganese milk, manganese absorption
after
Soy
formula
l,n J C/in Nuir
contains
a considerable
1991;54:1065-70.
Printed
enhancer
other
and
the fact
similarities
that
manganese
(10),
imply
the
addition
in USA.
of our
possible manganese
observed
adults,
di-
manganese
nesium
of calcium
acid
(1 1
used
in these
cow-milk
studies
formula.
is known
previous
experience
with
sium
to evaluate absorption we included was
added
on manganese
the two
influence from test series
to wheat
absorption
the
to act
1 2); therefore,
,
the
acid on manstudied. Ascor-
to significantly enat low manganese a chemical-balance
were
These
of
with
infant
diets them
diets,
were and
ic, hu-
chosen also
be-
because
However, to make
of some dietary factors meals normally consumed
ofstudies bread.
in which The
effect
was also studied
iron
and
of added
because
it on by
mag-
magne-
of the
chemicalI From the Department ofClinical Nutrition and the Radiation Physics Department, Gothenburg University, Sahlgrenska Hospital, GOteborg, Sweden, and the Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis. 2 Supported by US Department of Agriculture grants 85-CRCRI1582 and 87-CRCR-l-2572. 3 Address reprint requests to L Davidsson, Nestl#{233} Research Centre, P0 Box 353, CH- 1800 Vevey, Switzerland. ReceivedMarch 11, 1991. Accepted for publication June 27, 1991.
absorption befrom human
of manganese
and
a significant difference in formula and soy formula. amount
and
absorption.
interfere
Ascorbic
absorption
factors
of absorption
potentially
element. of iron
degree
and
that
also affect manganese may
a negative
was demonstrated
physicochemical
human milk is low in manganese, iron, and calcium. manganese absorption was studied in adults, and
calcium. Our previous studies also showed manganese absorption from cow-milk
of the
as a strong
cause
that in in cow
of isotope
by the
and
absorption
manganese
or a high
to
investi-
a study in which at a concentration
The
pathways
amounts
of the two elements
man-milk
and plasma-uptake tests were used, also inrole of calcium on manganese absorption (3, these two possible factors that may have con-
tributed to the observed tween human and cow
common absorption iron absorption could
technique (13). The test meals
of manganese
higher than of manganese
contributing
studies
results
infant diets (1); absorption beThere are, howbetween human
concentration
absorption,
be influenced
balance technique dicate a negative 4). To evaluate
milk
factor
manganese
can diet
the
is several concentration
be a possible
fractional
absorption
example,
in cow milk The higher
iron share
to for-
acid
present
to have
bic acid supplementation has been reported hance the apparent retention of manganese intakes when studied in humans by using
manganese
reported
a study on manganese absorption from various a significant difference in fractional manganese tween human milk and cow milk was observed. ever, several differences in nutrient composition and
manganese,
high
suggested
(5).
soy
phytic
in the
potential effect ofan elevated amount ofascorbic ganese absorption from cow-milk formula was
Introduction
absorption
iron
affecting Furthermore,
and
(7-9).
from
of adding
studied
has been
investigations and
effect
(6), we also conducted to cow-milk formula
between
either
whole-body
The
in soy formula. between iron
in rats
contributing
of manganese
therefore
phosphate
absorption
is one factor
absorption
was
Because
in several
phytate
in humans.
formula
similar to that An interaction
sigas
199 1 ;54: 1065-70.
absorption,
fractional
observed
manganese
that
effect on iron absorption phosphate was added
in a
whereas no were observed
to influence
possible
low
gation.
were
resulted
by most addition
Manganese, human
ef-
to infant
bread
milk
very
cow-milk
the
acid
is known
mula
manganese
to wheat
administered respectively.
the
observa-
and
absorption absorption
was not significantly in this study, except
human
paired
Furthermore,
to human
we
to measure
ascorbic
magnesium
in manganese in manganese
dietary
absorption evaluated
and
It is therefore
Using
and
of calcium
which
study
calcium
absorption.
phosphate,
as iron
evaluated.
affecting
In this
technique
adults.
Sandstr#{246}m
factors
limited.
of adding
on manganese
of adding
formula
is very
radionuclide
absorption
to human
of dietary
in man
developed
we explored
Bo L#{246}nnerdal, and Brittmarie
knowledge
absorption
a recently
tions,
Cederbiad,
of phytic
acid,
© 1991 American
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
Society
for Clinical
Nutrition
1065
1066
DAVIDSSON
similar
chemistry
of the
divalent
ions
of these
two
elements; can also
many of the enzymes that are activated by manganese use magnesium. Furthermore, foods rich in manganese often
high
in magnesium,
eg, green
leafy
are also
vegetables.
ET
AL
second test meal. Individual portions of the radioisotope stock solutions were diluted in deionized distilled water to a volume of 2 mL
milk
Subjects
and
methods
healthy
the study. and none
during
(24
men,
36 women)
volunteered
They had no history of gastrointestinal of the women were pregnant. The mean y). None of the subjects supplements containing
the study.
The
aims
and
consumed vitamins
procedures
The
25
any mcdior minerals
of the study
were
was provided. and by the
Isotope
Sahlgrenska
University
Committee
of
Gothcnburg and by the Human versity of California, Davis.
Hospital,
Subjects
Committee
of
at the Uni-
Pooled and pasteurized milk bank at the Ostra
human Hospital,
batches,
in studies
which
ganese
(500
Darmstadt, dihydrate,
were
used
zg/L
as manganese
FRG)
or calcium
Aldrich-Chemie,
of the two test meals
served
iron
(2 mg Fe/L)
Johnson,
in three
batches
and
or infant
formula
used IN).
mg/L subject
in studies
liquid
frozen
of450
acid,
Merck),
sodium hydrogen was done according
and
studies
serving
All
of 60 g refined
labeled
were
food
phosphate before ad-
to study
7 consisted
flour
(70%
oftwo
bread
extraction
rate),
grade.
serving
with
The
0.2 MBq
test MMn
UK) or with 0.3 MBq at the Department
of Oslo (14). When 54Mn was 54Mn was given in the first meal
Merck) or St Louis) meals
were
(Mna2, 52Mn. 52Mn of Physics,
administered and 0.5 MBq
twice, in the
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
had
con-
after
a 12-h
drawn
absorption. with and
the next
intake
during
acting
effect
in the fasting
during
food
subject
the
fast.
Mea-
Each without
for destatus. and no
3 h. The the
as his/her
of individual
state ofiron served
own
dietary
subjects
study.
Paired
control)
were
components
on
subject thus took a labeled the added dietary component,
test re-
spectively. The two test meals were served on 2 consecutive days with 54Mn and 52Mn as a label or with a time lapse of “-6 wk when 54Mn was administered twice (1). Whole-body retention measurements were performed 2-3 times weekly for 30 d after the
ments
study
and
manganese
to day
during
days
gives
exposed
0 from
10-30
of the subjects was national Commission
absorption
(15). The resulting
evaluated by using on Radiological
the
exposure
calculated measure-
radiation
the model Protection
of the whole
ingestion a labeled
to 0.5-0.6
was
whole-body-retention
of a certain test meal.
exposure of the (ICRP)
body
Inter(16,
(effective
dose
amount of radioactivity In this study each subject
mSv.
Analysis Whole-blood
manganese
atomic absorption nace HGA 600,
was
Samples
ofthe
test
meals
standard Institute
were
Autoclave
distilled
and
magnesium
-3);
milk
formula
water. bread)
spectrophotometry and
manganese
was
used
after
addition
to determine
milk
(Bovine
samples
(see above). liver 1577a, Gaithcrsburg,
were
of minerals
determined
was
calcium,
of cow-
by atomic-absorption
360,
Perkin-Elmer).
done
after
dry
ashing
oxide. by the
(iron,
in the samples
(model
of lanthanum
sample
and heated to 160 #{176}C during 1 were made up to 25 mL with
Contents
phosphorus
of
homogenized
1 g of freeze-dried
concentrations ofcalcium and magnesium wet ashing at 290-300 #{176}C in sulfuric acid and
and
Technology,
as well as manganese and
Indices methods.
and fell within the certified range. were wet ashed in an autoclave
added to 6 mL 7 mol HNO3/L h. After wet ashing, the samples deionized
furMag-
( 1 8).
in the human atomic absorption
and
MD) was run simultaneously Before analysis the samples (Perkin-Elmer
modifier laboratory
for manganese
of Standards
electrothermal
with graphite Germany).
freeze-dried
content
material
by
equipped Uberlingcn,
as a matrix by routine
before analysis. Manganese was analyzed by electrothermal
A reference
analyzed
(Zeeman/3030 Perkin-Elmer,
nesium nitrate was used iron status were determined
National 6 and
morning
were
normal
(each
was
di-
in the
was allowed
their
milk
mg/L;
measured
weight were registered and each subject’s was measured in the whole-body
samples
or fluid
maintained observations used
to the
the subjects
ofwhole-blood manganese and indices extrinsically labeled test meal was then
other
were
added
vials were
after
Blood
until
(200
The empty counter
portions
were
termination The first
portions
addition to by pipetting of sodium sodium salt, mg/L; L(+)
The
then
counter.
of human
g deionized distilled water. The flour, distilled deionized water, of weighed amounts of dough,
proanalysis
before
Amersham, Buckinghamshire, was produced in the cyclotron University 0.25 MBq
phosphate
arrived
equivalent) after when consuming
each. Iron (5 mg/portion; FeSO4 X 7H2O, (125 mg/portion; MgSO4 X 7H2O, Sigma, to the dough when the rolls were prepared.
chemicals
pooled
serving.
ofheight and radioactivity
17), which
(Enfamil, was
ascorbic acid, and water immediately
wheat
with 10 g butter and 200 was prepared from wheat and salt. Rolls were made
extrinsically
low
phosphate dihydrate, Merck) to the test meals to the protocol described below. Individual
to the formula, respectively. test meals served in studies
30 g flour magnesium was added
2,
g.
sodium
portions of calcium, phytic acid, were dissolved in 2 mL deionized
made
with
formula
in serving
Each
1 and
formula
A stock solution of manganese was prepared for the human milk (study 1) and manganese was added the solution into each portion before serving. Addition phytate (800 smol/L; inositol hexaphosphoric acid BDH Chemicals Ltd, Poole, UK), ascorbic acid (800 ascorbic
subjects
by extrapolation
to one
and
design
initiating
chloride
was added
in the other
respectively.
consisted
ManMerck
as calcium
FRG)
The
was kept
3-5,
from the different
2, respectively.
cow-milk
was
Evansville,
in studies
(800 to each
A whey-predominant
content
1 and
obtained in two
(II) chloride-2-hydrate, Steinheim,
respectively. Mead
milk was Goteborg,
capsules.
fluid.
manganese meal twice,
Diets
yeast,
the
surements background
dysfunction age was
and written information by the Ethical Committee
dough
before
in the whole-body
for
explained to the subjects The project was approved
rolls
or formula
sumed
subjects
y (range 19-53 cation or dietary
served
calibrator
Experimental
Sixty
dition The
plastic
in an activity
separately
Subjects
used
in standardized
measured
Analysis at 450
of iron
#{176}C whereas
were determined after and hydrogen peroxide The
same
Fiske-Subbarow
digests
were method
MANGANESE (19).
Nitrogen
nique
analysis
(Technicon
was performed
Autoanalyzer,
tent in the test meal by Davies and Reid
by a micro
Ardsley,
used in study (20).
ABSORPTION
Kjeldahl
NY).
Phytic
3 was determined
acid
IN HUMANS
tech-
TABLE
con-
Total
1067
2 manganese
content
and manganese
absorption
as described
Manganese
content
absorption*
statistical
dent’s
t test
evaluation
for paired
of manganese
samples
was
absorption
data,
Stu-
used.
Results Mean whole-blood manganese of the participating subjects was 0.22 ± 0.04 mol/L ( ± SD, range 0. 13-0.37 mol/L). Analyzed values, for women and men, respectively, for hemoglobin were 1 15-162 and 121-170 g/L; for serum iron, 10-29 and 1 1-34 imol/L respectively; and for total iron-binding capacity, 44-80 tmol/L. All values for whole-blood manganese hematological
laboratory.
indices
and
magnesium
diets
in the test
arc shown
with
absorption after subject is shown Addition
meals
in amounts
significantly
zg Mn
status.
observed
for any
to human
corresponding
of the
in Table
absorption
from
milk thus
absorption manganese
two diets did
man-
not
resulting
to each
change
the
in a signifi-
absorbed: 0. 19 ± 0.09 and addition ofcalcium to human to that
in cow
manganese
absorption.
in fractional
manganese
other
and
Individual ofthc
of manganese,
differences
arc given
manganese
repeated administration in Figures 1 and 2.
decreased
significant
studied
for our phospho-
nor was manganese
ofiron
cantly higher amount of manganese 7.6 ± 3.7 ig Mn, respectively. The milk
range
calcium,
2.
was observed,
absorption
normal
manganese
whole-blood
the indices
of 225
fractional
the iron,
mean
between
absorption
correlated
and in Table
correlation
ganese
within
ofnitrogen,
content
.
No
were
Concentrations
1 Manganese the
study
milk
resulted
No
statistically
absorption
in
1 (n = 8) Human milk Human milk with 2 (n = 9) Human milk Human milk with 3(n= 10) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula sodium phytate 4 (n = 8) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula phosphate 5 (n = 9) Cow-milk formula Cow-milk formula ascorbic acid 6 (n = 8) Wheat bread Wheat bread with 7 (n = 8) Wheat bread Wheat bread with *
Nitrogen
g
t Significantly
(study 1)
Iron
mg
calcium,
phosphorus,
and
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
mg
mg
mg
1.0
0.3
124
66
22
1.2
0.3
173
78
22
1.1
1.2
177
142
36
milk 2)
formula
(study4)
40 40
1.5 ± 0.66 1.2 ± 0.86
with added
40 40
1.8 ± 0.72 2.0 ± 0.96
with added
40 40
2.8 ± 1.1 2.8 ± 1.8
added
iron
550 540
2.5 ± 2.0 1.9 ± 1.3
added
magnesium
350 370
2.9 ± 1.8 2.0 ± 0.8
from study 2 diet with no added calcium,
amounts
1.0
1.2
177
114
26
1.0
1.2
193
130
32
1.5
12
124
32
0.9
1.1
20
130
24
Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-abstract/54/6/1065/4715109 by Washington University in St. Louis user on 13 May 2018
(2 1) and
protein without
P
or retention. excretion
absorption
However,
is via bile,
observed
in earlier
reported
studies
for a very
sensitive
method
ganese ponents
(I
method
for studying
manganese
of test
meals
with
to identify dietary The low fractional
study,
as well as
demonstrates
precision
evaluating absorption.
the main
chemical-balance
in the present high
(22)
because the
1 5), clearly
with
absorption when on manganese
sic labeling
,
phosphorus
for meat (23) were tested any obvious effects on
technique is most likely not sensitive enough factors that influence manganese absorption.
the
to estimate
need man-
the effect of dietary comOur recently developed
absorption
in humans-extrin-
a radioisotope
of manganese
and
whole-body retention measurements-was applied in this study to evaluate the effect of certain dietary components on manganese absorption. The extrinsic tag method was recently valiby a direct
of a test
meal
When
method comprised
involving
simultaneous
primarily
of chicken
as well as intrinsically
ofmanganese repeated
0.9
of calcium ofsoy studies
absorption
of manganese
trinsically
formula
(study 5) Wheat bread (study#{243}) Wheat bread (study 7)
route
dated
formula
(study3)
Cow-milk
with added
different
different
manganese
milk
Cow-milk
4.9 ± 2.3 3.0 ± 1.6t
calcium
and a partial substitution in manganese-balance
TABLE 1 Concentrations of nitrogen, iron, magnesium in test meals/serving
(study
30 30
added
