This article was downloaded by: [New York University] On: 29 April 2015, At: 15:53 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Journal of Personality Assessment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hjpa20
The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes David Crockett , Harry Klonoff & Campbell Clark Published online: 10 Jun 2010.
To cite this article: David Crockett , Harry Klonoff & Campbell Clark (1976) The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes, Journal of Personality Assessment, 40:6, 582-587, DOI: 10.1207/ s15327752jpa4006_4 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4006_4
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply,
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes DAVID C'ROCKI'TT, IIARRY ICLO&\;OFf. and CAMPBELL CLARK Universiry of British Cc!u:nbin
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
S u v i ~ c r j j : The serbeJ oijtpct of subjects irr response to 10 cards of The TAT was ohtzmed a n Two O C C ~ S ~ Oand ~ S under placebc, nz:ljuana Ioa. znd l ~ p hconditiens. The themes were independent!\ raced on 1 3 wriiibles reflec:?rrg thoagh; processes, emotionai rone. control, aggression, an6 sexual c o x e x by two judges. Sig!iif'jsac: differential dosage difreerenies were obtained in, terms of disruption of cognjrise processes. and emotional ;one. Morewe:. a mul:!variate ana!jrs:s y~c-ldeda significant discri:r;inz:jorr zmong the : k e e experimental
Changes in cognitive osganizstior,. thought pzocesses: arrd personal:iy are assumed tc be rerkcted in verhsi output. Projec?jx techniqnes !lew been tradirionaliy used ic measure these subtlc changes in a variety cf resear& topics. Yet, Ir? the voiuminous literature on the effects of marijnanz: only one srudji 113s beer: unccwered wk~ichmed prcyectiue techniques. In a ciicical stsrdy on the effects of manjuanf: or: emotrisnai reactiviry an6 genera: pcrsondjry strtlcrs-e, using a prisori population, Fldpern (1 " 4 4 ) in. cluded .
This research
was sappcirred h p Grant Yatmnsl Health Grants. Ottawa. On;ario, Canada. Requests For reprints should he sent zo Dr. H. Klnncff, Department of Psychiatry, Head, D~vislvn of Ps>choL*gy, The Unwersit! of Brltlslr Colurrrh~a. Vancouver 5 , Brrt~sh Coli~mbla. 610-25- E .
.
u:; o r r n ~ j o r rprocessing dcriiig s ~ e e c hproduc'tioc. P a d and Cxrsvn (1373) using a r a t i n scaie of videoaped corn~unicalion found i h ~ tsabjects after smcking marijuans were unable le devclcp and rnaiatab focused ve:bzi co:nml;nicatjc:c. .&:hou&, resen:zlrcrs hme reported changes a verbal production associated with the ingesrlo:! of marijuana, there has heen no attempt ~c date io follow .I,: dugh on Halpern's (1944) findings which derive from projective techn~ques, more specifically the TAT. Riis srudy was accordingly designed tct deternlinc rhe effects of varying doses of marijuana on ~l:c?uFIi,t processes reflected in verbal outpnt elicited by pictures cf the TA.T and the ihariges associated with repealed adminisuations oE the TAT under varying experimend conditions. 7
%..-
nfcr~tod susiccts The subjects were X I volunteers, 38
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
D.CROCKETT. M.KLONOFF. 2nd C. CLARK
-
.*, 8 3 s
l o \ ~ i n p [our vxiabies: ( 2 1 prc~dircti~.irj!, d e h e d as the number zi' crwpiere il-rernes given to each pix:re: ( b ! icregmtian m d orgnzi~u"fio~z, defined as themes rarrgirig frtirli simple i i s t i n of discre$e p x t s jscwed as on?) to those showing funi.tionai in:egrstior: based i x rrreaningCrii inreractioii ( s ~ o r e d as two); ( c l abs3uctioit. which 1 2 ~ r i ~ d ~e dh e r i ~ ei~?nta:r;s ing no reference in abstract ideas 3 3 canccpts (scured as Z ~ G )! O 3 response which deait u.hoi!g- with abstract ideas or symbols ( s ~ o r e das two): and ( d ) n;ulnpii~ici:qf r?rmnltzg. defined as thz absesLce (scored as zer~;, or presen;e tscored as one) of comnering idess o r meanings. The secord category was conrrol and ~ consisted of Two ~ c d e p e n d e r ,variabies: loss i?f corrtrci!, define3 as refcences :o loss of i.on:roi, or movement sf con:roi iron; the individual To other sources: and rtwrs7ifziug t l ~ ~ ~ i gdefined h t ~ . as references to socisl pressures :o confarm. Both :!lese varisbies were scored eirhei zero f n i absence cr one for presence c i 21s specific references. The Third :atepry was emo?iocai tone consisting, of three variables. The twc affecr variabies u - e r e r a t e 9 independenri.i
in case :he resgc:lsc ~ontaiileilborh posrrivc a:rd ~ I P W : ~ IeY~ ~ i r i o t l sR. e s p n s e s d e w i d of references :L? s C e s were scored as eero, while :Ire ex:stence o i eirher (or bo!hr posi:lve ar neparive enmtions were rared as one. The third variable. araiet?., was rare2 OF, a 7-poi::: scale. where a score of one rep:es?nted extreme deniai of anxiety. E w r showed n c anxious references. m d sel en indicated an extreme i!f anxioas :ns:eriai. elaboration Examples of extreme der~iaI and elabil~atiiir: of m x i o ~ smaterial arc themes conraining the tollowing key corxepts: "ecstssl;, rranquiiiry and "trauma. hysteria, and being tzrriiied ." The Ccurth zategary ietlt.
Journal of Personality Assessment Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/hjpa20
The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes David Crockett , Harry Klonoff & Campbell Clark Published online: 10 Jun 2010.
To cite this article: David Crockett , Harry Klonoff & Campbell Clark (1976) The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes, Journal of Personality Assessment, 40:6, 582-587, DOI: 10.1207/ s15327752jpa4006_4 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4006_4
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply,
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions
The Effects of Marijuana on Verbalization and Thought Processes DAVID C'ROCKI'TT, IIARRY ICLO&\;OFf. and CAMPBELL CLARK Universiry of British Cc!u:nbin
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
S u v i ~ c r j j : The serbeJ oijtpct of subjects irr response to 10 cards of The TAT was ohtzmed a n Two O C C ~ S ~ Oand ~ S under placebc, nz:ljuana Ioa. znd l ~ p hconditiens. The themes were independent!\ raced on 1 3 wriiibles reflec:?rrg thoagh; processes, emotionai rone. control, aggression, an6 sexual c o x e x by two judges. Sig!iif'jsac: differential dosage difreerenies were obtained in, terms of disruption of cognjrise processes. and emotional ;one. Morewe:. a mul:!variate ana!jrs:s y~c-ldeda significant discri:r;inz:jorr zmong the : k e e experimental
Changes in cognitive osganizstior,. thought pzocesses: arrd personal:iy are assumed tc be rerkcted in verhsi output. Projec?jx techniqnes !lew been tradirionaliy used ic measure these subtlc changes in a variety cf resear& topics. Yet, Ir? the voiuminous literature on the effects of marijnanz: only one srudji 113s beer: unccwered wk~ichmed prcyectiue techniques. In a ciicical stsrdy on the effects of manjuanf: or: emotrisnai reactiviry an6 genera: pcrsondjry strtlcrs-e, using a prisori population, Fldpern (1 " 4 4 ) in. cluded .
This research
was sappcirred h p Grant Yatmnsl Health Grants. Ottawa. On;ario, Canada. Requests For reprints should he sent zo Dr. H. Klnncff, Department of Psychiatry, Head, D~vislvn of Ps>choL*gy, The Unwersit! of Brltlslr Colurrrh~a. Vancouver 5 , Brrt~sh Coli~mbla. 610-25- E .
.
u:; o r r n ~ j o r rprocessing dcriiig s ~ e e c hproduc'tioc. P a d and Cxrsvn (1373) using a r a t i n scaie of videoaped corn~unicalion found i h ~ tsabjects after smcking marijuans were unable le devclcp and rnaiatab focused ve:bzi co:nml;nicatjc:c. .&:hou&, resen:zlrcrs hme reported changes a verbal production associated with the ingesrlo:! of marijuana, there has heen no attempt ~c date io follow .I,: dugh on Halpern's (1944) findings which derive from projective techn~ques, more specifically the TAT. Riis srudy was accordingly designed tct deternlinc rhe effects of varying doses of marijuana on ~l:c?uFIi,t processes reflected in verbal outpnt elicited by pictures cf the TA.T and the ihariges associated with repealed adminisuations oE the TAT under varying experimend conditions. 7
%..-
nfcr~tod susiccts The subjects were X I volunteers, 38
Downloaded by [New York University] at 15:53 29 April 2015
D.CROCKETT. M.KLONOFF. 2nd C. CLARK
-
.*, 8 3 s
l o \ ~ i n p [our vxiabies: ( 2 1 prc~dircti~.irj!, d e h e d as the number zi' crwpiere il-rernes given to each pix:re: ( b ! icregmtian m d orgnzi~u"fio~z, defined as themes rarrgirig frtirli simple i i s t i n of discre$e p x t s jscwed as on?) to those showing funi.tionai in:egrstior: based i x rrreaningCrii inreractioii ( s ~ o r e d as two); ( c l abs3uctioit. which 1 2 ~ r i ~ d ~e dh e r i ~ ei~?nta:r;s ing no reference in abstract ideas 3 3 canccpts (scured as Z ~ G )! O 3 response which deait u.hoi!g- with abstract ideas or symbols ( s ~ o r e das two): and ( d ) n;ulnpii~ici:qf r?rmnltzg. defined as thz absesLce (scored as zer~;, or presen;e tscored as one) of comnering idess o r meanings. The secord category was conrrol and ~ consisted of Two ~ c d e p e n d e r ,variabies: loss i?f corrtrci!, define3 as refcences :o loss of i.on:roi, or movement sf con:roi iron; the individual To other sources: and rtwrs7ifziug t l ~ ~ ~ i gdefined h t ~ . as references to socisl pressures :o confarm. Both :!lese varisbies were scored eirhei zero f n i absence cr one for presence c i 21s specific references. The Third :atepry was emo?iocai tone consisting, of three variables. The twc affecr variabies u - e r e r a t e 9 independenri.i
in case :he resgc:lsc ~ontaiileilborh posrrivc a:rd ~ I P W : ~ IeY~ ~ i r i o t l sR. e s p n s e s d e w i d of references :L? s C e s were scored as eero, while :Ire ex:stence o i eirher (or bo!hr posi:lve ar neparive enmtions were rared as one. The third variable. araiet?., was rare2 OF, a 7-poi::: scale. where a score of one rep:es?nted extreme deniai of anxiety. E w r showed n c anxious references. m d sel en indicated an extreme i!f anxioas :ns:eriai. elaboration Examples of extreme der~iaI and elabil~atiiir: of m x i o ~ smaterial arc themes conraining the tollowing key corxepts: "ecstssl;, rranquiiiry and "trauma. hysteria, and being tzrriiied ." The Ccurth zategary ietlt.
