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The platelet–cancer loop in myeloproliferative cancer. Is thrombocythemia an enhancer of cancer invasiveness and metastasis in essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis? Hans Carl Hasselbalch ∗ Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Køgevej 7-13, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Article history: Received 5 May 2014 Received in revised form 26 June 2014 Accepted 14 July 2014 Available online 22 July 2014 Keywords: Myeloproliferative cancer Thrombocythemia Second cancer Cancer invasiveness Metastasis Interferon Statins
1. Introduction The Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) – essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) – are closely related acquired stem cell neoplasms characterized by transitions between the diseases, implying a biological continuum from ET over PV to the advanced myelofibrosis phase—either categorized as PMF or myelofibrosis following ET and PV [1]. Recent studies have provided evidence that MPNs may be preceded by or accompanied by chronic inflammation [2–5] and may also imply an increased risk for the development of other cancers, both hematological and non-hematological [6–9]. Furthermore, it has been argued that chronic inflammation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may have a major role for clonal evolution and development of second cancers in MPNs [3–5]. In regard to treatment of MPNs a “wait and watch” strategy is recommended in patients with low-risk disease, allowing leukocytosis and elevated platelet counts up to 1500 Mia/L in patients
The platelet-cancer loop in myeloproliferative cancer. Is thrombocythemia an enhancer of cancer invasiveness and metastasis in essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis?
Recent studies have provided evidence that the Philadelphia-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms, essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia ver...