71 Int. J . B i o m e t e o r . 1976, vol. 20, n u m b e r 2, pp. 71-91

The Twentieth Anniversary of the International Society of Biometeorology 1 J a n u a r y 1956 -- 1 J a n u a r y 1976 by S.W. Tromp* In Volume 10, no 3 ( D e c e m b e r 1966) of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l of B i o m e t e o r ology, p p . 2 0 7 - 2 1 4 , a s h o r t r e v i e w w a s p u b l i s h e d d e s c r i b i n g the f i r s t d e c a d e of the e x i s t e n c e of the I n t e r n a t i o n a l Society of B i o m e t e o r o l o g y (ISB). However, s i n c e 1966 so m a n y new m e m b e r s have j o i n e d the ISB t h a t it w a s c o n s i d e r e d to be u s e f u l to p u b l i s h at its 20th A n n i v e r s a r y the c o m p l e t e h i s t o r y of ISB. THE

ORIGIN

OF

ISB

The o r i g i n of ISB w a s c l o s e l y r e l a t e d to the foundation of the BIOMETEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE at Leiden, The N e t h e r l a n d s , in 1955. T h i s c e n t r e s t u d i e s v a r i o u s a s p e c t s of t h e i n f l u e n c e of w e a t h e r and c l i m a t e on h e a l t h y and d i s e a s e d s u b j e c t s . A r o u n d 1955 the g e n e r a l i n t e r e s t in e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s w a s v e r y s m a t l all o v e r the w o r l d and t h e s c i e n t i s t s w o r k i n g in the f i e l d of b i o m e t e o r o l o g y w e r e r a t h e r i s o l a t e d . T h e y w e r e g r e a t l y h a m p e r e d in t h e i r r e s e a r c h a c t i v i t i e s due to lack of f i n a n c i a l s u p p o r t f r o m e i t h e r g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s o r p r i v a t e f o u n d a t i o n s . T h e r e f o r e it w a s feit t h a t t h i s u n s a t i s f a c t o r y condition could p e r h a p s be c h a n g e d if all w o r k e r s in t h i s f i e l d would join tog e t h e r in one I n t e r n a t i o n a l O r g a n i z a t i o n . During a m e e t i n g in the s u m m e r of 1955, at the M e d i z i n - M e t e o r o l o g i s c h e F o r s c h u n g s s t e l l e at Bad TSlz, B a v a r i a (Germany) Dr H . U n g e h e u e r , at t h a t t i m e head of t h i s M e d i c a l - M e t e o r o l o g i c a l R e s e a r c h Station, a s e c t i o n of the G e r m a n W e a t h e r S e r v i c e , a g r e e d t h a t s t u d i e s on the e f f e c t s of t h e p h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t on plants, a n i m a t s and m a n could only be s t i m u l a t e d by e s t a b l i s h i n g an i n t e r national o r g a n i z a t i o n and by s t a r t i n g as soon a s f e a s i b l e an I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l . In O c t o b e r 1955 Dr U n g e h e u e r and I p r e p a r e d a s i m p l e f o r m (Fig. 1) w h i c h w a s s e n t to about 50 s c i e n t i s t s who w e r e known f r o m t h e i r b i o m e t e o r o l o g i e a t p u b l i c a tions. In t h i s e i r e u t a r w e a s k e d for o t h e r n a m e s of potential m e m b e r s . We e x p e c t e d only a few r e p l i e s , but t h e c i r c u l a r w o r k e d like a s n o w b a t l . By the 1st of J a n u a r y 1956 m o r e than 100 people had joined and it w a s d e c i d e d to s t a r t the INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY AND BIOMETEOROLOGY u n d e r a t e m p o r a r y s e c r e t a r i a t . I b e c a m e S e c r e t a r y - T r e a s u r e r and w a s able to get p e r m i s s i o n f r o m t h e D i r e c t o r of the D e p a r t m e n t of National S c i e n c e s of U n e s c o , P r o f . P . A u g e r , to c o n v e n e an I n t e r n a t i o n a l B i o m e t e o r o l o g i c a t S y m p o s i u m at UNESCO Head Q u a r t e r s f r o m 2 9 - 3 1 August 1956. The m e e t i n g w a s m a d e p o s s i b l e w i t h t h e g e n e r o u s financial s u p p o r t of M a j o r David R u s s e l l (Fig. 2), D i r e c t o r G e n e r a l of t h e A u c h m u t y and R o t h e s P a p e r Mills in Markineh, Fife, Scotland. *)

F o r m e r S e c r e t a r y ISB 1 J a n u a r y 1956 - 1 J a n u a r y 1976; f o r m e r T r e a s u r e r 1 J a n u a r y 1956 - 1 July 1974.

72

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOE THE STUDY OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY please delete answers not apply that

do

1

Az'~ you in favour of the general idca of creating an International $ooicty for the Study of Bioclimatolog~ ?

2

If the first question is answered in the affi~ative, ~rs you in agreement with the following suggestions:

yes - ~

yes -

a) to create this society as soon as possible ? b) to orgsnise a s y m p o s i ~ in Europe some time in 1956 if private funds are available to cover the initial expenses needed for the symposium ?

yes -

Could you suggest names and addresses of bioclimatolo~sts interested in this field, not mentioned in the attached list (Please print names ~nd addresses clearly on a separate sheet of papsr ~o be attached to y o ~ r e p l y ) ~ & , ~ r ~

(~/~m~

yes - ~ ~ )

4

Please mention briefly the bioclimatological subjects which you studied personally in the past;

5

Pleese forward a list of your publications in the field of bioclima t o l o ~

6

Could you prepare a list of subjects which according to your opinion should be discussed during the symposium in 1956 (please print them clearly on a separate sheet of paper)

Address : (home address)

Please r c t ~ n

: ~0~ ~. ~

~. • g

~la~j@.;~A~,_ -.111.

this form beforo=Deco=mb==er=~_l_~=lg~to:

Dr g° W. T r o m r He fbroucko rlean 54 ~ OEGSTGEEST (Leiden) Holland

Fig. I. The first type of application form used by the Iutern~tional Society of Biometeorotogy in October 1955.

Fig. 2.

Major David Russe[[, Honorary Member of ISB.

73 Also after 1956 Major Russell continued to support ISB financially, during each Internutional Conference, enabling many scientists to uttend those conferences. THE FOUNDATION OF ISB The P a r i s Conference was opened on 29 August 1956 under the Presidency of Dr Douglas H.K. Lee in the presence of Dr LangIo, the r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of the World Meteorological Organizgtion and P r o f e s s o r Auger, the D i r e c t o r of the Department of N~tural Sciences of Unesco. The f i r s t official Executive Board (Figs. 3 and 4) was elected by the nearby 100 participants. Prof. F r e d Sargent II (USA) became the f i r s t President, Prof. H . B e r g (Germany), who died in 1958, and Dr H.Boyko (Israel), who died in 1970, w e r e elected as V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s , Dr S . W . T r o m p (The Netherlands) remained S e c r e t a r y - T r e a s u r e r and Mr A. Taylor (Gregt Britain) was appointed as Advisory Member.

Fig. 3.

The first official Executive Board of ISB on 29 August 1956. F r o m left to right: Mr Taylor, Prof. Berg, Dr Boyko, Dr Lee, Prof. Sargent, Dr Tromp.

Fig. 4.

Paris Conference, on 29 August 1956, ~t UNESCO Head Q u a r t e r s . F r o m left to right: Conference President: Dr Douglas H.K. Lee; F i r s t President of ISB: Prof. F r e d Sargent II; F i r s t S e c r e t a r y T r e a s u r e r : Dr S.W. Tromp.

74 T H E NAME O F T H E S O C I E T Y

D u r i n g t h e P a r i s m e e t i n g c o n s i d e r a b l e t i m e w a s d e v o t e d to t h e f u t u r e n a m e of t h e Society. Most of t h e G e r m a n and F r e n c h s p e a k i n g m e m b e r s w e r e u s e d to t h e n a m e ' B I O C L I M A T O L O G Y ' , w h e r e a s t h e o t h e r ( l a r g e s t ) g r o u p of m e m b e r s p r e ferred the modern term 'BIOMETEOROLOGY', which includes Bioclimatology. As a c o m p r o m i s e t h e n a m e INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY AND B I O M E T E O R O L O G Y w a s c h o s e n . In 1961 t h e v a s t m a j o r i t y of the m e m b e r s a g r e e d to c h a n g e the n a m e of the Society into INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIOMETEOROLOGY. S h o r t l y a f t e r w a r d s t h e n a m e w a s a l s o a c c e p t e d by t h e WORLD M E T E O R O L O G I C A L ORGANIZATION. D e s p i t e t h i s i n t e r n a t i o n a l a g r e e m e n t s o m e L a t i n C o u n t r i e s ( e . g . , F r a n c e , Italy and R o u m a n i a ) s t i l l c o n t i n u e to u s e t h e n a m e BIOCLIMATOLOGY. STATUTES

S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e C o n g r e s s t h e P r e s i d e n t , P r o f . Sargent, p r e p a r e d t h e d r a f t s t a t u t e s of t h e Society, w h i c h w e r e c i r c u l a t e d a m o n g s t t h e m e m b e r s , t h e n u m b e r of w h i c h had doubled s i n c e 1 J a n u a r y 1956. In 1957 t h e s t a t u t e s w e r e s l i g h t l y m o d i f i e d and a p p r o v e d by t h e m e m b e r s d u r i n g t h e C o n g r e s s in V i e n n a on 27 S e p t e m b e r 1957. F u r t h e r c h a n g e s took p l a c e on 10 S e p t e m b e r 1960 and 7 Sept e m b e r 1963. U n d e r t h e P r e s i d e n c y of D r H.K. L e e (1966-1972) new s t a t u t e s w e r e p r e p a r e d and a p p r o v e d by t h e m e m b e r s h i p on 6 S e p t e m b e r 1969. The original structure of ISB, since 1956, consists of four bodies : 1. THE EXECUTIVE BOARD: Since 1957 it consisted of a president, 3 vicepresidents, a secretary-treasurer, and 3 advisory members. The problems of ISB have been handled by the secretariat in close cooperation with the president. All important decisions, which stemmed from correspondence between the president and secretary of ISB were circulated amongst the other members of the Board for approval and in many instances were circulated among all members of the Society in order to obtain a final, democratic decision. All the scientific preparations of the Congresses were organized by the Secretariat of ISB in close cooperation with the President and, if necessary with other members of the Board. 2. MEMBERSHIP

COMMITTEE: Scientists working in the field of biometeorology, either with an academic training or with a comparable experience, can join ISB after submitting an official application form, signed by two members of ISB in good standing. Originally these application forms had to be circulated amongst the members of the Membership Committee. Since 1965 the applicationform is first screened by the Secretary. If the credentials of the applicant are in agreement with the aims of ISB his name is circulated in a circular amongst all members. If no objections are received within 2 months the applicant is considered to be a member and he receives a confirmation in writing from the Secretary of ISB. All members join the Society as individuals; none represent a special country. This principal has proved to be most successful and prevented the many political problems which are so common in most international organizations and unions. Contrary to all the other East European countries, where no objections have been raised, onlythe Governmentof the USSRhas net allowedthis personal membership. We still hope most sincerely that one day USSR scientists can also become regular members of ISB. At present we have only contacts on a scientific level. 3. ADVISORY COUNCIL: The entire working area of ISB has been divided in 25 geographical areas, partly single countries, partly a group of countries. Each area is represented by one leading member of ISB in this area. His taks has been

75 to i n f o r m the m e m b e r s of the B o a r d about the w i s h e s of the m e m b e r s in his a r e a and to a s s i s t the S e c r e t a r i a t in c i r c u l a t i n g c e r t a i n r e q u e s t s o r p r o p o s a l s . In m a n y i n s t a n c e s r e q u e s t s c o n c e r n i n g r e s e a r c h w o r k e r s studying a p a r t i c u l a r subj e c t have been c i r c u l a t e d . In this way we have been able to m a k e w o r l d s u r v e y s of the s c i e n t i s t s working on a special subject and the publications which have a p p e a r e d on that subject. The A d v i s o r y Council has been m o s t useful in building a bridge between c o u n t r i e s o r a r e a s with d i f f e r e n t political s t r u c t u r e s . Many scier~tific contacts have been e s t a b l i s h e d all o v e r the world, in 51 cour~tries, which o t h e r w i s e should have been difficult o r i m p o s s i b l e . It has also been due to t h e s e a r e a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s that c o m p l e t e b i o m e t e o r o l o g i e a l r e f e r e n c e l i s t s s i n c e 1900 w e r e p r e p a r e d in Poland, DDR and C z e c h o s l o v a k i a . T h e s e b i b l i o g r a p h i e s have been published in the International J o u r n a l of B i o m e t e o r o l o g y , vol. II, 1958, p a r t 2, s e c t . F; part 3, s e c t . D and part 4, s e c t . E. S i m i l a r r e v i e w s a p p e a r e d i n v o l . 5 , 1962, no. 2, p.82; vol. 6, 1963, no. 2, p . l 1 3 ; vol. 7, 1963, n o . l , p.89; vol. 8, 1964, n o . l , p.71; a n d v o l . 9, 1965, no. 2, p.199. 4. PERMANENT STUDY GROUPS: At p r e s e n t t h e r e a r e 10 m a j o r Study Groups in the International Society of B i o m e t e o r o l o g y c o n s i s t i n g of s e v e r a l subgroups: 1. Effects of Heat and Cold on A n i m a l s and Man; 2. Effects of Altitude on A n i m a l s and Man; 3. Effects of Weather and C l i m a t e on Human Health and D i s e a s e ; 4. E f f e c t s of W e a t h e r and C l i m a t e on A n i m a l s D i s e a s e : (at P a r a s i t o l o g y , (b) Physiology and Reproduction, (c t M i c r o b i o l o g y and Epizootiology; 5. E f f e c t s of W e a t h e r and C l i m a t e on Plants: Cat Crop P r o d u c t i o n in Higher Latitudes and M a r i t i m e A r e a s , (b) Sand Binding and D e s e r t Plants, (c) Plant C l i m a t e Models, (d) E c o l o g i c a l Climatography, (e) Plant Phenology and Seasonality R e s e a r c h ; 6. A r c h i t e c t u r a l , Urban and E n g i n e e r i n g B i o m e t e o r o l o g y ; 7. Biological Effects of Natural E l e c t r i c , Magnetic and E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c F i e l d s ; 8. Physical, P h y s i o logical and T h e r a p e u t i c Effects of Ionized A i r and E l e c t r o - A e r o s o l s ; 9. Biological Rhythms with Special R e f e r e n c e to E n v i r o n m e n t a l Influences: Cat I n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y Cycle R e s e a r c h , (b) P h o t o p e r i o d i s m ; 10. P h y s i c o - C h e m i c a l and B i o logical Fluctuating Phenomena. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In r e c e n t y e a r s the status of ISB has grown c o n s i d e r a b l y on the i n t e r n a t i o n a l l e v e l . F i r s t l y ISB has obtained a consulting status with W. M . O . , W . H . O . , UNESCO and F . A . O . It is c o n s i d e r e d to be one of the a d v i s o r y N o n - G o v e r n m e n t a l Organizations (N. G . O . ) of the United Nations. R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of ISB a r e r e g u l a r l y invited to attend the m e e t i n g s of t h e s e o r g a n i z a t i o n s and have given advice in different C o m m i t t e e s of the m e n t i o n e d o r g a n i z a t i o n s . In 1962 W. M. O. r e q u e s t e d ISB to p r e p a r e a special review publication on the p r e s e n t status of human b i o m e t e o r o l o g y for m e t e o r o l o g i s t s . T h i s 113 page publication p r e p a r e d by 18 m e m b e r s of ISB a p p e a r e d in 1964 under the title "A Survey of Human Biom e t e o r o l o g y " (Technical Note no. 65, W . M . O . no. 160, T P 78t, edited by F r e d e r i c k Sargent II and Solco W. T r o m p . PRINCIPLE GOALS OF ISB IN 1956 The E x e c u t i v e B o a r d had 5 principal goals in 1956: 1. To r a i s e the standard of scientific w o r k c a r r i e d out in the field of b i o m e t e o r ology. 2. To study the p o s s i b i l i t y of printing an i n t e r n a t i o n a l journal devoted to biometeorology. 3. To c r e a t e : (a t a foundation, f r o m the funds of which a w a r d s could be given to outstanding r e s e a r c h w o r k e r s in the field of human, animal and plan:t biom e t e o r o l o g y and (b) if funds would allow to do so, to support s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h in the field of b i o m e t e o r o l o g y .

76 4. To a s s i s t : ( a ) t h e i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s in t h e w o r l d in t h e i r s t r u g g l e f o r r e c o g n i t i o n and (b) to c r e a t e p o s t g r a d u a t e t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s ~t t h e l a r g e r u n i v e r s i t i e s in t h e w o r l d . 5. To o r g a n i z e c o n g r e s s e s e v e r y t h r e e y e a r s to e n a b l e a b e t t e r e x c h a n g e of i d e a s between biometeorologists. 6. To o r g a n i z e s y m p o s i a f o r e x p e r t s of t h e d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s d u r i n g w h i c h t h e e x p e r t s would be t r a i n e d in p r a c t i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n s of b i o m e t e o r o l o g y f o r d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s , w h i c h w o u l d i m p r o v e b o t h t h e e c o n o m y and h e a l t h of those countries. Most of t h e s e g o a l s w e r e a c h i e v e d , h o w e v e r 4b h a s b e e n a c h i e v e d only in t h e U . S . A . t h a n k s to t h e e f f o r t s of P r o f e s s o r S a r g e n t . T e n u n i v e r s i t i e s p r e p a r e d a p o s t - g r a d u a t e p r o g r a m f o r b i o m e t e o r o l o g y . F u r t h e r d e t a i l s will be p u b l i s h e d by P r o f . S a r g e n t in a fixture p a p e r in t h e Int. J . of B i o m e t e o r o l o g y . P o i n t 6 h a s b e e n fulfilled only o n c e in t h e L i b a n o n d e s p i t e r e p e ~ t e d e f f o r t s . T h i s c o n f e r e n c e in t h e L e b a n o n t o o k p l a c e ~t LAKLOUK w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e of m e m b e r s of ISB. T h e c o n f e r e n c e w a s o r g a n i z e d by t h e B i o m e t e o r o l o g i c a l R e s e a r c h C e n t r e , L e i d e n f r o m 1 - 6 A p r i l 1966 in c l o s e c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e L e b a n e s e G o v e r n m e n t , a f t e r e x t e n s i v e d i s c u s s i o n s w i t h H. E .Cheikh M a u r i c e G e m a y e l , f o r m e r M i n i s t e r of P l a n n i n g , d u r i n g 1963 and 1964. T h i s " C o n f e r e n c e on t h e I m p a c t of W e a t h e r and C l i m a t e on t h e H e a l t h P r o b l e m s a n d E c o n o m i c D e v e l o p m e n t of t h e Middle a n d F a r E a s t and of t h e Developing C o u n t r i e s in G e n e r a l " w a s a t t e n d e d by 40 e x p e r t s of ISB and abot~t 60 eour~terparts f r o m t h e Middle a n d F a r E a s t C o u n t r i e s . P l a n s f o r an I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a i n i n g C e n t r e in t h e L e b a n o n i n 1967 c o l l a p s e d after the Middle-East war. PREVIOUS CONGRESSES AND M E M B E R S OF THE E X E C U T I V E BOARD In T a b l e 1 t h e d a t e s a n d l o e ~ t i o n s of t h e p r e v i o u s c o n g r e s s e s h a v e b e e n s u m m a r i z e d and t h e n a m e s of t h e m e m b e r s of t h e E x e c u t i v e B o a r d w h i c h w e r e e l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e s e c o n f e r e n c e s f o r a p e r i o d of t h r e e y e a r s . In T a b l e 2, f o r e a c h C o n g r e s s , t h e t i t l e s of t h e m a i n t o p i c s of e a c h P l e n a r y S e s s i o n d u r i n g t h e s e c o n g r e s s e s h a v e b e e n s u m m a r i z e d , t h e t i t l e s of t h e l e c t u r e s g i v e n d u r i n g e a c h P l e n a r y S e s s i o n , t h e n a m e s of t h e s p e a k e r s , t h e e x a c t t i t l e of t h e P r o c e e d i n g s in w h i c h t h e l e c t u r e s h a v e b e e n p u b l i s h e d a n d w h i c h c a n be o r d e r e d t h r o u g h Swets & Z e i t l i n g e r P u b l . Co, H e e r e w e g 347b, L i s s e , The Netherlands. THE INTERNATIONAL J O U R N A L OF B I O M E T E O R O L O G Y A l r e a d y in 1956 it w a s r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e s t u d y of t h e e f f e c t of t h e p h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t on m a n , a n i m a l s a n d p l a n t s could only be s t i m n l ~ t e d on a w o r l d - w i d e s c a l e by p u b l i s h i n g a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l b i o m e t e o r o l o g i c a l J o u r n a l . A s t h e m e m b e r s h i p w a s g r o w i n g r a p i d l y a f t e r a few y e a r s t h e n u m b e r of c o u n t r i e s w i t h ISB m e m b e r s w a s m o r e t h a n 50. T h r o u g h an I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l a v e r y l a r g e s c i e n t i f i c g r o u p in t h e w o r l d could be r e a c h e d . It i s f o r t h i s r e a s o n t h a t in 1956 P r o f e s s o r S a r g e n t and D r T r o m p d e c i d e d t o s e t up a b i o m e t e o r o l o g i c a l j o u r n a l . B e g i n n i n g in J u n e 1957 t h e S o c i e t y s t a r t e d to p r i n t in o f f - s e t i t s f i r s t J o u r n a l u n d e r t h e t i t l e " I N T E R N A T I O N A L JOURNAL OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY AND B I O M E T E O R O L O G Y " . It w a s a l o o s e l e a v e d J o u r n a l w i t h D r T r o m p as s c i e n t i f i c and m a n a g i n g e d i t o r . F o u r v o l u m e s w e r e p r i n t e d by ISB d u r i n g 1957, 1958, 1959 and 1960 c o n s i s t i n g r e s p e c t i v e l y of 287, 322, 296 a n d 179 p a g e s , a t o t a l of 1084 p a g e s . T h e o r i g i n a l v o l u m e s a r e out of p r i n t but h a v e b e e n r e p r i n t e d by J o h n s o n R e p r i n t C o r p o r a t i o n , New York.

77 As l i b r a r i e s complained th~tt loose sheets w e r e often stolen it was decided to start a normally bound journal and we looked for a publisher. However, no publishing f i r m in the U . S . A . , Canada or Western Europe was it~terested. During the London Conference in 1960 Dr Weihe joined ISB. He agreed to become E d i t o r - i n - C h i e f of the Journal. Dr Tromp handled all technical and financial m a t t e r s as Exectttive Editor. In 1961 the f i r s t bound Volume, Vol. 5, appeared which was called "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY. Finally in 1963 Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, one of the w o r l d ' s l a r g e s t antiquarian book companies, was interested to publish the ISB Journal because they wanted to start a publishing house apart from t h e i r at~tiquarian department. In 1964 a definitecontractwas signed with Swets & Zeitlinger. The f i r s t issue appeared as vol. 8, no. 1 in August 1964. In Table 3 a s u m m a r y is given of all the issues which w e r e published since 1961 under the E d i t o r - i n - C h i e f Dr W.H.Weihe. Apart f r o m the f i r s t 4 volumes (1084 pages) a total of 4610 pages have been printed in the I~ternational Journal of Biometeorology during the past fifteen y e a r s . OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF ISB In 1959 two monographs w e r e published by the Int. Soeiety of Biometeorology. 1. SEAWATER IRRIGATION. A NEW LINE OF RESEARCH ON A BIOCLIMATOLOGICAL PLANT-SOIL COMPLEX by H. Boyko and Elisabeth Boyko (9 March 1959). Originally published in the Int. J. of Bioclimatology and Biometeorolog-y, Vol. HI, Part II, Section B1. 2. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DAMP COLD, AN ASPECT OF TEMPERATE CLIMATE by E . T . R e n b o u r n (10 July 1959). Originally published in the Int. J. of Bioclimutology and Biometeorology, Vol. III, Part IV, Section A. In 1960 four monographs w e r e published. 1. CLIMATIC ZONATION IN ENGLAND AND WALES by W.A. F a i r b a i r n (15 November 1960). Originally published in the Int. J. of Bioclimutology and Biometeorology, Vol. IV, Part II, Section C. 2. KLIMAKAMMER THERAPIE (Climutic Chamber Therapie) by H. Ntlckel and G. Lincke (30 April 1960). Originally published in the Int. Journal of Bioelimutology and Biometeorology, Vol. IV, Part IV, Section C6h. 3. PALAEOBOTANIC RECORDING OF CLIMATIC CHANGE IN THE QUARTERNARY OF EUROPE by W. H. Zagwijn (28 December 1960). Originally published in the Int. J. of Bioclimatology and Biometeorology, vol. IV, P a r t VI, Section A. 4. FIRST REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE OF TROPICAL BIOCLIMATOLOGY. Result of the Questionnaire on Bioelimutological R e s e a r c h in the Tropical Zone by W. V. MacFarlane and J. P. Nicolas (15 July 1960). In 1966 a special issue of the I~t. J. of Biometeorology (Vol. 10, no. 3, Dec. 1966) was devoted to the "SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOMETEOROLOGY IN ECOLOGY" to c o m m e m o r a t e the 10th A n n i v e r s a r y of the Int. Society of Biometeorology. HONORARY MEMBERS OF ISB In A r t i c l e III, Sub (d), of the Statutes of the International Society of B i o m e t e o r ology an Honorary Membership was introduced which could be given to those individuals who d e s e r v e a special recognition for the many s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d to the Society.

78 During the last 20 years three honorary m e m b e r s were nominated, P r o f e s s o r F r e d Sargent II (USA), Major David Russell (Scotland) and Dr Wolf H.Weihe (Switzerland). PROFESSOR

FREDERICK

SARGENT

II

He was nominated on 26 August 1966 during the Fourth International Biometeorological Congress at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA, for his many s e r v i c e s to ISB during the period 1956-1966. MAJOR DAVID RUSSELL He was nominated on 31 August 1969 during the Fifth International Biometeorological Congress at Montreux, Switzerland for his great financial support of ISB particularly during the initial stages of its development. Without his assistance the first Symposium in Paris on 29 August 1956, during which ISB was officially founded, could not have taken place. DR WOLF H.WEIHE He was nominated on 3 September 1972 during the Sixth International Biometeorologieal Congress at Noordwijk, The Netherlands for his many s e r v i c e s to ISB since 1961 as E d i t o r - i n - C h i e f of the International Journal of Biometeorology. GOLD

MEDAL

AWARDS

OF

THE

WILLIAM

F. PETERSEN

FOUNDATION

In 1956 the original Executive Board of ISB proposed to c r e a t e a Foundation from the funds of which awards could be given to outstanding r e s e a r c h workers in the field of human, animal and plant biometeorology. Finally on 20 March 1963 five m e m b e r s of the INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIOMETEOROLOGY, Dr Glaser (Gr. Britain), Dr Kornblueh (USA), Prof. Krueger (USA), Prof. Sargent II (USA) and Dr Tromp (The Netherlands) decided to c r e a t e the WILLIAM F. PETERSEN FOUNDATION to c o m m e m o r a t e the founder of Biometeorology in the United States, Prof. William F. Petersen, f o r m e r P r o f e s s o r of Internal Medicine at the Department of Pathology of the University of Chicago. One of the objects of the William F. P e t e r s e n Foundation is to present e v e r y three years a William F. P e t e r s e n Memorial Award to three scientists, who, during the past three years between the ISB Congresses, have made a substantial contribution to the scientific devevlopment of Human-, Animal- and Plant Biometeorology. Since 1966 t h r e e times Awards have been given for each of these principal branches of Biometeorology, in 1972 also one for General Biometeorology. The Foundation is independent of the International Society of Biometeorology although leading m e m b e r s are consulted in connection with the choice of the Awards. The first President and S e c r e t a r y - T r e a s u r e r of the Foundation w e r e Prof. Sargent and Dr Tromp, respectively. Since 1975 Dr Tromp has become the President of the Foundation and Mr Shelley Krasnow (USA) the S e c r e t a r y T r e a s u r e r . Unfortunately v e r y few m e m b e r s of ISB support the Foundation financially. The funds required for the awards are collected by less than 25 m e m b e r s of ISB. We hope that this situation will change after 1975. The following awards have been given: On 26 August 1966, at the Fourth International Biometeorological Congress at New Brunswick (New J e r s e y , USA):

79 ALBERT P.KRUEGER (USA), DR WOLF BIANCA (Switzerland) and DR JACK R.WALLIN (USA) for t h e i r outstanding achievements in the field of Human, Animal and Plant Biometeorology, respectively. On 31 August 1969, at the Fifth International Biometeorological Congress at Montreux (Switzerland) : PROFESSOR YAS KUNO (Japan), PROFESSOR VICTOR W. MaCFARLANE (Australia) and jointly to DRS ELISABETH and HUGO BOYKO (Israel), for Human, Animal and Plant Biometeorology, r e s p e c t i v e l y . On 3 September 1972, at the Sixth International Biometeorological Congress at Noordwijk (The Netherlands): PROFESSOR JAMES D. HARDY (USA), PROFESSOR HAROLD D. JOHNSON (USA) and DR HAROLD SCHR()DTER (West Germany), for Human, Animal and Plant Biometeorology, respectively; PROFESSOR GIORGIO PICCARDI (Italy) for General Biometeorology. On 17 August 1975, at the Seventh International Biometeorotogieal Congress at College Park (Maryland, USA): DR WOLF H.WEIHE (Switzerland), PROFESSOR PETER R. MORRISON (USA) and DR AUSTIN BOURKE (Ireland) for Human, Animal and Plant Biometeorology, respectively. Full reports can be found in the Proceedings of the different Congresses. CONCLUSION It would have been unusual if the growth of the Society from 50 m e m b e r s in six countries in 1956 to 550 m e m b e r s in 51 countries in 1973 would have taken place smoothly and without difficulties. P a r t i c u l a r l y in the p r e p a r a t o r y period and shortly after the foundation of ISB local Societies in different countries, but also individual biometeorological scientists, strongly opposed to the creation of a world-wide international organization which, in their opinion, would i n t e r f e r e too much with their own activities. However, these problems of a national or personal nature have gradually been o v e r c o m e and it s e e m s now that this type of opposition belongs to the past. It is also understandable that m e m b e r s from 50 countries with different social, religious and political background may not always agree on the best approach to be followed for the solution of important problems. Despite these differences and due to our individual m e m b e r s h i p these difficulties have always been easily r e s o l v e d and a t r u e international friendship has developed amongst all the m e m b e r s of ISB. The financial position of ISH has always been a m a t t e r of great concern since 1956. The running of a Secretariat, a Journal and Congresses without any outside financial support and a r e l a t i v e l y small number of m e m b e r s has been a continuous problem. Unless the m e m b e r s h i p can be enlarged considerably this m a j o r financial problem of ISB can never be solved. However, despite these problems during 20 years, the International Society is still a flourishing organization. Undoubtedly the v e r y large number of organizations, supported by governments, studying environmental problems and which w e r e established during the last five Years in most of the highly developed countries, c r e a t e serious competition with the International Society of B i o m e t e o r ology. However, it is a great satisfaction to know that many of these organizations w e r e started as a resutt of the initial activities of ISH since 1956. Also the consulting status of our Organization with W. H. O., W. M. O., F . A . O . and UNESCO has influenced this development considerably. During the last 20 years we can look back on a period of exciting hard work with the usual up and downs both scientifically and psychologically and I like to con-

80 c l u d e w i t h t h e s a m e p a r a g r a p h a s S a r g e n t and I p u b l i s h e d in t h e Special I s s u e in 1966 : "A s c i e n t i f i c s o c i e t y c a m e igto b e i n g w i t h a f l o u r i s h i n g v i g o r o u s m e m b e r ship, an i r l t e r n a t i o n a l l y r e c o g n i z e d j o u r n a l , and a s o l i d foundution in t h e c o m m u n i t y of s c h o l a r s c o n c e r n e d w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s . B i o m e t e o r o l o g y e s t a b l i s h e d i t s e l f a s a t r u l y i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y body of knowledge. T h e s e a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s h a v e in l a r g e m e a s u r e b e e n d e v e l o p m e n t a l p r o c e s s e s g u i d e d by t h e m e m b e r s of t h e Society. As ISB e n t e r s a new d e c a d e , we t r u s t t h a t t h i s h e r i t a g e will be c a r r i e d f o r e w a r d in t h e s o l v i n g of t h e m a n y c o m p l e x e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o b l e m s •that c o n f r o n t all m a n k i n d . "

81 TABLE 1.

Congress location and names of members of the Executive Board of the International Society of Biometeorology

Congress Loeatiot

Vicepresidents

Secretary

Treasurer

Advisory Members

Unesco H.Q. * Paris, France 29 Aug. -2 Sept.195,

H.Berg (Germany) H. Boyko (Israel)

S. W. Tromp (Netherl.)

S.W. Tromp (Netherl.)

A.Taylor (Great Britain)

Vienna, Austria Isi Congress 23-37 Sept. 1957

P.M.A.Bourke (Ireland) H. Boyko (Israel) M. Fontaine (France)

S. W. Tromp (Neiher[.)

S.W. Tromp (Netherl.)

J. L. CloudsieyThompson (Gr.Brit.) 811.Itoh (Japan) W, G.Wellington Canada)

London, England 2nd Congress 4-10 Sept. 1960

P. M,A. Bourke (Ireland) H. Boyko (Israel) M. Fontaine (France)

S. W. Tromp (Netherl.)

S.W. Tromp (Netherl.)

'. L. CloudsieyThompson (Gr. Brit.) S. Itoh (Japan) W. G. Wel lington (Canada)

Pau, France 3rd Congress 1-7 Sept. 1963

P. M,A.Bourke (Ireland) B.G. Metz (France) K. Symon (Czechosl.)

S.W.Tromp (Netherl.)

S.W.Tromp (Netherl.)

J. L. CloudsleyThompson (Gr. Brit.) S. Itoh (Japan) G. W. Robertson (Canada)

Rutgers Univ. (New-Brunswick) U. S.A. 4th Congress 26 Aug.-2 Sept.1966

G.W. Robertson (Canada) K. Symon (Czechosl.) H. ¥oshimura [Japan)

S. W. Tromp (Netherl.)

S.W. Tromp (Netherl.)

K. Dirnagl (Germany) W. O. Haufe (Canada) A. De Philippis, (Italy)

MontreLtx Switzerland 5lh Congress 31 Aug.-6 Sept.1969

~. W. Rober tson '~Canada) K. Symon (Czechosl.) H. Yoshimura [Japan)

S. W. Tromp (Nelheri.)

S.W. Tromp (Netherl.)

W. O. tlaufe (Canada) A. de Phllippis (ItalY) P. yon Deschwanden J r (Switzerland)

Noordwijk Netherlands 6th Congress 3-9 Sept. 1972

H. Henset iGerlnany) I. Jankowiak :Poland) H. Yoshimura 'Japan)

S.W.Tromp (Netherl.)

1972-1974 l~. Gualtierotii S.W. Tromp (Italy) (Netherl.) J. A. J. Stoiwijk 1974-1975 (USA) ! J. E. Greenieaf p.vonDeschwanden

B. P. Primault

College Park Maryland, USA 17-23 Aug.1975

H. Hensei iGermany) I, Jankowiak ~Poland) H.Kita flapaa)

(USA) Sh, Krasnow I (USA)

*) Symposium and official founding of I. S, B.

(Switzerland)

J r (Switzerland) D . F . Dow 1ing (Australia) J. Rivolier (France) J. A. J. Stolwijk (USA)

82 TABLE 2.

Summary of principal topics, titles of lectures and names of speakers during seven International Biometeorological Congresses (period 1957-1975)

Date

Plenary Sessions

]LocationI 2ongress

Proceedings Speakers

of

Main Topics and Lectures

and

Publishers

l 1. GENERAL BIO23 Sept.- Vienna CLIMATOLOGY* 27 Sept. (Austria) a. Concepts and Techniques [957 in Bioclimatological Training of Graduate Students b. Beobachtung, Experiment und Statistik in der Bioklimatologie und Biometeorologie 2. PHYTOLOGICAL BIOCLIMATOLOGY a. Allgemeine Phytobioklimatologie (Methoden, Probleme und neue A r b e i t s e r gebnisse) b. Phytoelimatologie et silviculture c. Thermal and Photothermal Requirements of Pure-Line Varieties of Plants as a Biological Indicator in Ascertaining Climatic Analogues (Homoclimes) d. Les plantes et le elimat

F. Sargent, II

(U. s . n . ) H.Berg (Germany)

INT. JOURNAL OF BIOCLIMATOLOGY AND BIOMETEOROLOGY vol.2, 1958 Johnson Reprin Corporation, (New York) S.W. Tromp (Editor)

R. Knapp

(Germany) A. de Phiiippes

(Italy) M. Y. Nuttonson (U.S.A.)

H. Geslin (France)

3. ENTOMOLOGICAL BIOCLIMATOLOGY R. C. Rainey a. Meteorology and the Dis(Great Britain) placements of Flying Insects b. Meteorology in Population W. G. Wellington (Canada) Dynamics 4. VETERINARY BIOCLIMATOLOGY a. Bioklimatologische Probleme der Veterin~irMedizin b. Physiological Effect of Climatic Stress on the Bovine Animal

R. Koller (Austria) J. D. Findlay (Great Britain)

*) F r o m 1956-1960 the International Society was called Int. Soc. of Bioclimatology and Biometeorology.

83 Date of Loc~tion Congress

Plenary Sessions Speakers Main Topics and Lectures

Proceedings and Publishers

BIOCLIMATOLOGY Vienna 5. HUMAN ( A u s t r i a ) a. Wetterfllhligkeit und Klima-W. Amelung (Germany) cont. Therapie b. I n f l u e n c e du c l i m a t t r o p i c a l R. L e m a i r e (France) s u r le c o m p o r t e m e n t p h y s i o l o g i q u e de l ' h o m m e c. Die Schwebstoffe in d e r H. N~ckel (Germany) Luft und i h r e b i o k l i m a tische Bedeutung d. Acclimatisation to Heat in J . S. W e i n e r (Great Britain) Man and Animals 6. ARCHITECTURAL BIOCLIMATOLOGY a. Some Aspects of Building Climatology 7. COSMIC BIOCLIMATOLOGY a. Ph6nom~nes cosmiques et bioclimatologie Sept.10 SepL 1960

London Great Britai~

IJ . K. P a g e (Great Britain)

G. Piccardi (Italy)

I. HIGH ALTITUDE BIOCLIMATOLOGY a. Physiological Aspects of Life at Extreme Altitudes

R. M a r g a r i a ~nd P. C e r r e t e l l i (Italy) b. Z u r P a t h o l o g i e und P a t h o - R. SehindleY and genese der HShenkrankH. H. Schuh e i t bei H a u s t i e r e n maeher (Germany) e . High A l t i t u d e as a S t i m u l u s A. von M u r a l t and W.H. W e i h e to t h e Human Body (Sw i t z e r l a n d ) 2. T R O P I C A L BIOC LIMATOLOGY a. Cutaneous V a s c u l a r and C a r d i a c R e s p o n s e s to Heat b. A d a p t a t i o n of D o m e s t i c A n i m a l s to t h e T r o p i c s c. P l a n t Life and T r o p i c a l Climate 3. B I O C L I M A T O L O G I C A L CLASSIFICATION a. Old and New P r i n c i p l e s of Phytobiological Climatic Classification

A. B . H e r t z m a n i and L . C . S e n a y Jr (U.S.A.) J.C.D. Hutchinson (Australia) P. W. R i c h a r d s (Great Britain)

H. Boyko (Israel)

BIOMETEOROLOG¥,I962; 687 pp. Pergamon Press (Oxford) S. W. Tromp (Editor)

84 Plenary Sessions

Date

of Location Congress

London (Great Britain) cont.

Speakers

Main Topics and Lectures b. Human Aspects of Bioclimatological Classification c. The World Atlas of Epidemic Diseases and its Significance for Bioclimatological Classifications 4. METE ORO- PATHOLOGICAL FORE CASTING a. Plant Diseases and Pests as Influenced by Weather b. Diseases of Livestock as Influenced by Weather e. Medical- Meteorological Forecasting: An Application of Fundamental Bioclimatological Concepts

i Sept.7 Sept. 1963

Pau (France)

1. RECENT FUTURE RESEARCH

PROGRESS LINES OF IN BIO-

AND

ME TE OROLOGY a. Agricultural Biometeorology b. Phytological Biometeorology c. Entomological Biometeorology d. Veterinary Biometeorology e. Human Biometeorology 2. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS IN BIOME TE OROLOGY a. Les rhythmes biologiques des plantes et la biom6t~orologie b. Periodicity Analysis - A Potential Tool for Hiometeorologists e. Significance of Biological Rhythm Study for Human Biometeorology

Proceedings and Publishers

K. J. K . B u e t t u e r

(U.S.A.) H. J. Jusatz

(Germany)

P. M. A .Bourke (Ireland) M. Crawford (Great Britain) F. Sargent, II and D. S. Zaharko (U.S.A.)

Papers of Study Groups BIOME TE OROLOGY, 1962; 687 pp. Pergamon P r e s s (Oxford) S.W. Tromp (Editor)

INT. JOURNAL OF BIOMETE( OLOGY. vol. 7, 2, 1963; P. M. A. Hourke 107 pp. (Ireland) Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. R. D. Schein (Amsterdam) (U.S.A.) S. W. Tromp an, W. O. Haufe (Canada) W. H. Weihe (Editors) J. D. Findlay (Great Britain) S.W. Tromp (Netherlands)

L. Baillaud (France) F . Halberg (U.S.A.)

A. Soliberger (U.S.A.)

Papers of Study Groups BIOME TE OROLOGY, 2 I, II, 1967; 1143 pp. Pergamon P r e s s (Oxford) S. W. Tromp an( W. H. Weihe (Editors)

85 Date of Location Congress 26 Aug.- R u t g e r s 2 Sept. Univ., 1966 New Brunswick, New Jersey (V. S.A.)

Plenary Sessions Speakers Main T o p i c s and L e c t u r e s 1. BIOME TE OROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC E NVIRONME NT a , Dynamic Climatology: The Larger Scales of Atmospheric Motions Balance of the b . Thermal Biosphere c . Moisture Loss Through the Boundary Layer d. Dispersion and Disposal of Organic M a t e r i a l s in the Atmosphere 2. I M P A C T OF THE ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE I N T E G U M E N T OF THE ORGANISM a . The I m p a c t of t h e A t m o s p h e r i c E n v i r o n m e n t on t h e I n t e g u m e n t of P l a n t s b. The I m p a c t of t h e A t m o s p h e r i c E n v i r o n m e n t on t h e I n t e g u m e n t of I n s e c t s C, T h e I m p a c t of t h e A t m o s p h e r i e E n v i r o n m e n t on t h e I n t e g u m e n t of D o m e s t i c Animals d. The I m p a c t of t h e A t m o s p h e r i e E n v i r o n m e n t on t h e I n t e g u m e n t of Man

31Aug.- M o n t r e u x 1. E X T E R N A L PROTE CTION Sept. (SwitzerOF LIVING ORGANISMS [969 land) AGAINST M E T E O R O L O G ICAL E X T R E M E S a . E x t e r n a l P r o t e c t i o n of Plants Against Meteorological E x t r e m e s b. E x t e r n a l P r o t e c t i o n of Animals Against Meteorological E x t r e m e s C, E x t e r n a l P r o t e c t i o n of Man Against Meteorological Extremes 2. BIOME TE OROLOGICAL P R O B L E M S IN D E V E L O P ING COUNTRIES a . E n v i r o n m e n t a l Conditions Affecting the Growth Characteristics, Nitrogen Res p o u s e and G r a i n Yield of Tropical Rice

Proceedings and Publishers

BIOME TE OROLOGY, 3, 1967; 374 pp. Swets & Z e i t F. K. H a r e linger B.V. (Great Britain) (Amsterdam) S. W. T r o m p an, D. M. G a t e s W. H.Weihe (U.S.A.) (Editors) P. E . W a g g o n e r (U.S.A.) F. W. Went (U.S.A.)

E . R. L e m o n (U.S.A.)

E . B. E d m e y (U.S.A.) W. B i a n c a Switzerland)

F. Daniels (U.S.A.)

A b s t r a c t s of Study G r o u p s BIO ME TE OROLOGY, 3, 1967; 374 pp. Swets & Z e i t l i n g e r B. V. (Amsterdam)

BIOMETEOROLOGY, 4 I, 1970; 213 pp. Swets & Z e i t G. W. H u r s t l i n g e r B. V. Great Britain) (Amsterdam) S. W. T r o m p am C. F. K e l l y W. H . W e i h e (Editors) (U.S.A.) E. M. G l a s e r Great Brttain)

S. K. De Datta and P.M. Zazate (Philippines)

86

Dgte of Loe~tion Congress

Plenary Sessions Speakers Main T o p i c s and L e c t u r e s

Proceedings and Publishers

Montreu~ 3. RESPONSE TO M E T E O R OLOGICAL STRESS AS A (SwitzerFUNCTION OF AGE land) a. R e s p o n s e s of P l a n t s and J.Nigond cont. T r e e s to M e t e o r o l o g i c a l (France) S t r e s s as a F u n c t i o n of A g e /"w! Bianca b. A n i m a l R e s p o n s e to M e t e o r o l o g i c a l S t r e s s as a F u n c - (Switzerland) t i o n of Age c. R e a k t i o n e n auf m e t e o r o l o - H . J u n g m a n n gischen Stress als (Germany) Funktion des Atters 4. S P E C I E S D I F F E R E N C E S IN THE T O L E R A N C E TO ME TE OROLOGICAL STRESS a. S p e c i e s D i f f e r e n c e s in t h e P . R . M o r r i s o n T o l e r a n c e to M e t e o r o l o g i c a l ( U . S . A . ) S t r e s s , Due to D i f f e r e n c e s in M o r p h o l o g y and B e h a v i o u r of O r g a n i s m s b. S p e c i e s D i f f e r e n c e s in t h e J . B l i g h T o l e r a n c e to M e t e o r o l o g i - ( G r e a t B r i t a i n ) cat S t r e s s , Due to D i f f e r e n c e s in F u n c t i o n of Organisms 5. M E T E O R O L O G I C A L E F F E C T S ON R E P R O DUCTIVE PROCESSES IN ANIMALS AND MAN a. M e t e o r o l o g i s c h e Einflt~sse auf die F o r t p l a n z u n g bei Tieren b . S e a s o n a l i t y of C o n c e p t i o n in H u m a n P o p u l a t i o n s

3 Sept.9 SepL 1972

D.T.Smidt (Germany) W. V. M a c f a r lane (Australia)

FUTURE PROSNoordwij~ I. NEAR PECTS OF THE METEOR(The OLOGICAL ENVIRONNetherlands) MENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN DESERTS AND TROPICAL AREAS P. O. F a n g e r a. Improvement of Human (Denmark) Comfort and Resulting Effects on Working Capacit5 b. Animal Production in the M. M o r a g & E. Rubin Desert (Israel) J . R. W a l l i n e . I m p o r t a n c e of P r o d u c t i o n and P r e v e n t i o n of P l a n t Dis- ( U . S . A . ) e a s e s f o r W o r l d Food Production

A b s t r a c t s of Study G r o u p s BIOMETEOROLOGY, 4 II, 1969; 151 pp. Swets & Z e i t linger B.V. (Amsterdam)

BIOME TE OROLOGY, 5 II, 1972; 271 pp. Swets & Z e i t linger B.V. (Amsterdam) S. W. T r o m p , W. H. W e i h e anc Janneke J. Bouma (Editors)

87

Date of Congress

Plenary Sessions Speakers

Location

Main T o p i c s and L e c t u r e s Noordwijk 2, NEAR FUTURE PROS(The PECTS OF THE METEORNetherOLOGICAL E NVIRONME N2 lands) IN DEVELOPED COUNcont. TRIE S a. Air Pollution, its Causes, B i o l o g i c a l E f f e c t s on P l a n t s , A n i m a l s and Man and P o s s i b l e M e a n s of Prevention b. C l i m a t e of t h e U r b a n Biosphere e. U r b a n and B u i l d i n g Biometeorological ResearchAn O v e r v i e w

K.Symon (Czechoslovakia)

H. E . L a n d s b e r g (U.S.A.) B. Givoni (Israel)

3. E F F E C T S OF W E A T H E R AND CLIMATE ON B E HAVIOUR, P O P U L A T I O N DENSITY AND MIGRATION a. E f f e c t s of W e a t h e r and P. L e g r i s Climate on the Distribution (France) of Plants and Trees, Locally and Regionally 4. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS OF BIOMETEOROLOGY a. Biological Rhythms in A.Reinberg Human Biometeorologywith (France) with Special Reference to Mortality Rhythms and Chronotoxicology L.Rensing b. Periodic Geophysical and Biological Signals as Zeit- (Germany) geber and Exogenous Inducers in Annual Organisms c. Biological Rhythms in Th6r~se Van Plants Under Various den Driessche Light and Temperature (Belgium) Conditions 5. TELEMETRY IN BIOMETEOROLOGICAL STUDIES a: Telemetry in Animal Biometeorology b. Telemetry in Animal and Human Biometeorology i e . Telemetry and Wild Life Control

G. E. Folk Jr

and J.R.Copping (U.S.A.) R. S. M a c k a y (U.S.A.) R. V. A n d r e w s (U.S.A.)

Proceedings and Publishers

88 Date of Location Congress

Plenary Sessions Speakers Main Topics and Lectures

Noordwijk 6. E F F E C T S OF GEOPHYSICAL EXTRA-TERRESThe TRIAL AND PHYSICAL NetherSTIMULI ON LIVING lands) ORGANISMS cont. a. Effects of Gravity Fields on Living Organisms b. Effects of Atmospheric and E x t r a - T e r r e s t r i a l Electromagnetic and Corpuscular Radi~rtions on Living Organisms c. Effects of Natural and Artificially Generated Air Ions on Mammals d. Possible Effects of E x t r a T e r r e s t r i a l Stimuli on Colloidal Systems and Living Organisms 17 Aug.- Univ. of 1. BIOME TE OROL OGY AND HUMAN WE LLBEING 23 Aug. Marylanc~ Physio1975 College a. Biometeorologylogical and Behavioral Park, Md Perspectives (U.S.A.) b. Mortality and Morbidity Associated with Heat Exposure e. Thermal Sensation, Thermal Comfort and Thermal Pleasure 2. THE INTERPRETATION OF THE EFFECTS OF WEATHER ON ANIMAL HEALTH AND CROP PRODUCTION a. Problems Associated with the Assessment of the Impact of Meteorological Variability b. The Importance of the Meteorological Factor in Agriculture, with Special

J. F. Saunders (U.S.A.) R. R e i t e r (Germany)

I.Andersen

(Denmark) S. W. Tromp (The Netherlands)

Abstracts of Study Groups BIO ME TE OROLOGY, 5 I, 1972; 153 pp. Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. (Amsterdam)

BIOMETEOROLOGY, 6 II, J. D. Hardy to be published (U.S.A.) in Aug. 1976. Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. E . P. Ellis (Great Britain) (Amsterdam) S. W. Tromp and Janneke J. M. Cabanac Bouma (France) (Editors)

J. D. McQuigg

(U.S.A.) L. P. Smithand R. W. Gloyne (Great Britain)

Reference to Animal Husbandry N.St.G.Hyslop S o m e Direct and Indirect Interactions of Weather and Great Britain)

Topography with Resistance to Disease in Animals

Proceedings and Publishers

89 Plenary Sessions

Date of Location Congress : Univ. o f Maryland College P a r k Md (U.S.A.) cont.

Speakers Main Topics and Lectures SYSTEMS ANALYSISAND BIOMETE OROLOGY a . The Technological Base in R.E. Jansen Atmospheric Sciences and (U. S.A.) Prospects for Development in Biometeorology H. Koenig, D.L. b. Systems Engineering Prospects for TechnologicaIHaynes and Development of an R.L. Tummala Approach to Systems in (U. S. A.) Biometeorology C . Systems Analysis in H i o - W.O.Haufe meteorology and its (Canada) Relevance to the Biological Sciences 3,

4. THE IMPACT OF BIOMETEOROLOGICAL CONCEPTS ON PLANNINGBY ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS a . Climatological Effects on J.Woods Thermal Comfort and (U. S. A. ) Energy Utilization in Residences and Offices L. Hahn b. Rational Environmental Planning for Efficient Live- (U, S. A. ) stock Production C . Application of Biometeoro- S.Mikhail logical Concepts to Health, (U, S.A.) Comfort and Energy Conservation in the Laboratory 5. DRUGS AND HUMANRESPONSE TO WEATHER AND CLIMATE a , Effect of Drugs in Adaptation to Heat and C o l d !b. Thermoregulatory Models and Their Relationship to Fever and Neural Transmitters

W.H.Weihc (Switzerland) J. Horowitz (U. S. A.)

6. HIOMETEOROLOGY AND FOOD PRODUCTION 3rd Biometeorological Coni ference a r r a n g e d by the B i o m e t e o r o l o g i c a l Commit-i t e e of the A m e r i c a n i M e t e o r o l o g i c a l Society ! C h a i r m a n : M . K . Yousef (USA) C o - c h a i r m e n : T . E . Bond (USA) P. C. H a r r i s o n (USA)

I

Proceedings and Publishers

90 Plenary Sessions Date of Location - - Main Topic and Lectures Congress Univ. of (I) INTRODUCTORY Maryland REMARKS College a. Climate as a Factor Influencing Food Park, Md (U.S.A.) Production cont. (2) PLANTSAND FOOD PRODUCTION a. Climatic Risk and World Grain Supplies

b. Importance of Forage in Food Production (3) ANIMALS AND FOOD PRODUCTION a. World Climate and Milk Production b. Contribution of Meat Animals to World Protein Production c. Climatic Factors

Affecting Red Meat Production d. P o u l t r y - Aviable Source of Human Food

Speakers

Proceedings and Publishers

R . W . Philips

(U.S.A.)

J. E. New man

(c. S.A.) H. 5. Hodgson (U.S.A.) H. D. Johnson (U.S.A.) R. E. Hodgson (U.S.A.) E. J. Warwick (U.S.A.) J. W. Denton

(U.S.A.)

Abstracts of Study Groups BIO ME TE OROLOGY, 6 I, 1975; 161 pp. Printed by ISt at College Par supported by grant from th, National Scien Foundation,

U.S.A. H. E. Landsbe~ 'g and S.W. Trom (Editors) Reprinted by Swets & Zeitlinger B.V. (Amsterdam) in 1975.

91 T A B L E 3.

N u m b e r of : p a g e s of d i f f e r e n t i s s u e s o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l J o u r n a l Biometeorology

Issue rio.

No of Pages

Total no of Pages

Year

Vol no

1957 1958 1959 1960

1 2 3 4

1961

5 5

1 2

43 60

1962

6 6

1 2

83 65

148

7 7 7

1 2 3

112 108 88

308

1964

8 8

1 2

92 71

163

1965

9 9 9

1 2 3

100 100 84

284

10 10 10

1 2 3

114 90 129

333

11 11 11

1 2 3

144 95 116

355

12 12 12 12

1 2 3 4

80 108 128 83

399

287 322 296 179

Year

1969

1967

1968

No of Pages

ToLal no of Pages

1 2 3+4

96 100 124

320

14 14 14 14

1 2 3 4

109 108 104 84

405

1971

15 15

1 2,3,4

99 258

357

1972

16 16 16 16

1 2 3 4

102 105 104 98

409

17 17 17 17

1 2 3 4

104 99 105 100

408

18 18 18 18

1 2 3 4

83 97 75 65

320

19 19 19 19

1 2 3 4

83 51 80 94

308

Grand Total

5704

103

1973

1966

Issue rio.

13 13 13

1970

1963

Vol no

of

1974

1975