A C TA Obstetricia et Gynecologica
AOGS S H O R T RE S E A R CH RE P OR T
Vitamin D and the risk of preeclampsia – a nested case–control study € 1,2,3, ALDO T. SILVA2, SVEN GUSTAFSSON4 & PELLE G. LINDQVIST2,3 SEBASTIAN GIDLOF 1
Department of Women’s and Childen’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 2Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 3Depatrment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, and 4Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Key words Preeclampsia, vitamin D, nested case–control studies, height, seasonal variation Correspondence Pelle G. Lindqvist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clintec, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Kvinnokliniken K 57, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] Conflict of interest The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.
Abstract We aimed to determine the relation between vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy and preeclampsia. In a nested case–control study of 2496 pregnant women, we identified 39 women who developed preeclampsia and 120 nonpreeclamptic controls. Blood was sampled in 12th gestational week and analyzed for serum vitamin D. Vitamin D levels were similar in women who developed preeclampsia, 52.2 20.5 nmol/L, and controls, 48.6 20.5 nmol/ L, p = 0.3. In addition, vitamin D deficiency (140/90 together with significant proteinuria (≥0.3 g/ day) after 20 weeks of gestation; severe preeclampsia as hypertension ≥160/110 mmHg and/or proteinuria of
≥5 g/day; and preterm preeclampsia was identified as cases with preeclampsia that delivered before 37 full weeks of gestation. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound fetometry in all but two individuals, who were dated by last menstrual period. Small-for-gestational age was defined according to the Swedish reference algorithms (~lowest 4th percentile). Only singleton pregnancies were included. We defined vitamin D deficiency as
AOGS S H O R T RE S E A R CH RE P OR T
Vitamin D and the risk of preeclampsia – a nested case–control study € 1,2,3, ALDO T. SILVA2, SVEN GUSTAFSSON4 & PELLE G. LINDQVIST2,3 SEBASTIAN GIDLOF 1
Department of Women’s and Childen’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 2Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 3Depatrment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, and 4Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Key words Preeclampsia, vitamin D, nested case–control studies, height, seasonal variation Correspondence Pelle G. Lindqvist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clintec, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Kvinnokliniken K 57, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] Conflict of interest The authors have stated explicitly that there are no conflicts of interest in connection with this article.
Abstract We aimed to determine the relation between vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy and preeclampsia. In a nested case–control study of 2496 pregnant women, we identified 39 women who developed preeclampsia and 120 nonpreeclamptic controls. Blood was sampled in 12th gestational week and analyzed for serum vitamin D. Vitamin D levels were similar in women who developed preeclampsia, 52.2 20.5 nmol/L, and controls, 48.6 20.5 nmol/ L, p = 0.3. In addition, vitamin D deficiency (140/90 together with significant proteinuria (≥0.3 g/ day) after 20 weeks of gestation; severe preeclampsia as hypertension ≥160/110 mmHg and/or proteinuria of
≥5 g/day; and preterm preeclampsia was identified as cases with preeclampsia that delivered before 37 full weeks of gestation. Gestational age was determined by ultrasound fetometry in all but two individuals, who were dated by last menstrual period. Small-for-gestational age was defined according to the Swedish reference algorithms (~lowest 4th percentile). Only singleton pregnancies were included. We defined vitamin D deficiency as
