Relationship Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study Valerie K. Wilson, MD,a Denise K. Houston, PhD,a Laurel Kilpatrick, MD,b James Lovato, MS,c Kristine Yaffe, MD,d,e,f Jane A. Cauley, DrPH,g Tamara B. Harris, MD, MS,h Eleanor M. Simonsick, PhD,i Hilsa N. Ayonayon, PhD,f Stephen B. Kritchevsky, PhD,a and Kaycee M. Sink, MD, MAS,a for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and cognitive performance over time in older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Community-dwelling participants in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS: Well-functioning adults aged 70 to 79 at baseline with serum 25(OH)D measured at the 12month follow-up visit and cognitive function measured at baseline and 4-year follow-up visit (N = 2,777). MEASUREMENTS: Vitamin D status was categorized as 25(OH)D levels of less than 20.0 ng/mL, 20.0 to 29.9 ng/mL, or 30.0 ng/mL or greater. Cognition was measured using the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Linear regression models adjusting for multiple covariates, including age, education, sex, race, site, season, physical activity, and comorbidities, were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of participants had 25(OH)D levels of less than 30.0 ng/mL. Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower baseline cognitive scores on the 3MS (adjusted mean 89.9, 95% confidence interval
From the aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; bDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; c Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; dDepartments of Psychiatry, eNeurology, f Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; gDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; h Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland; and iClinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland. Address correspondence to Valerie K. Wilson, Sticht Center on Aging, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12765
JAGS 62:636–641, 2014 © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society
(CI) = 89.4–90.4 for
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and cognitive performance over time in older adults in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Community-dwelling participants in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. PARTICIPANTS: Well-functioning adults aged 70 to 79 at baseline with serum 25(OH)D measured at the 12month follow-up visit and cognitive function measured at baseline and 4-year follow-up visit (N = 2,777). MEASUREMENTS: Vitamin D status was categorized as 25(OH)D levels of less than 20.0 ng/mL, 20.0 to 29.9 ng/mL, or 30.0 ng/mL or greater. Cognition was measured using the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Linear regression models adjusting for multiple covariates, including age, education, sex, race, site, season, physical activity, and comorbidities, were used in the analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of participants had 25(OH)D levels of less than 30.0 ng/mL. Lower 25(OH)D levels were associated with lower baseline cognitive scores on the 3MS (adjusted mean 89.9, 95% confidence interval
From the aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; bDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; c Department of Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina; dDepartments of Psychiatry, eNeurology, f Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California; gDepartment of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; h Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland; and iClinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland. Address correspondence to Valerie K. Wilson, Sticht Center on Aging, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157. E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12765
JAGS 62:636–641, 2014 © 2014, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2014, The American Geriatrics Society
(CI) = 89.4–90.4 for
