Mitochondrial DNA The Journal of DNA Mapping, Sequencing, and Analysis
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Ying Lei, Chang Xu, Chongren Xu & Rongjiang Wang To cite this article: Ying Lei, Chang Xu, Chongren Xu & Rongjiang Wang (2014): The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.880896
Published online: 04 Feb 2014.
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Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [Monash University Library]
Date: 13 November 2015, At: 18:18
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.880896
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Ying Lei*, Chang Xu*, Chongren Xu, and Rongjiang Wang
Downloaded by [Monash University Library] at 18:19 13 November 2015
College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is determined in this work. The mitochondrial genome is 15,304 bp in length, which contains typical 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 non-coding A + T-rich region. All PCGs are initiated by ATA or ATT codons, except for COI, which uses CGA as a start codon. Four PCGs (COI, COII, ND5, and ND4) terminate with incomplete termination codons TA or T, while the others use TAA as stop codons. Most of the tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure. The A + T-rich region is 370 bp in length, which contains several features common to the other lepidopteran species.
Celastrina hersilia, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, mitochondrial genome
Although butterflies and skippers are one of the best-studied groups of insects, the higher phylogeny of this group is still a controversial issue (de Jong et al., 1996; Wahlberg, 2006). Mitochondrial DNA, an important molecular marker, has been widely used in resolving the problem of phylogeny of butterflies and skippers (e.g. Heikkila¨ et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2010; Wahlberg et al., 2009). The mitochondrial COI and COII genes have been well used in phylogenetic and life history evolution studies in the family Lycaenidae (Kandul et al., 2004; Rand et al., 2000). For more comprehensive analysis, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences are needed (Kim et al., 2011). So far, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences have been determined
History Received 30 December 2013 Accepted 5 January 2014 Published online 4 February 2014
in six species of Lycaenidae (Kim et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Celastrina hersilia in Lycaenidae. The specimen was collected from Naitaizi in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang of China, in June, 2009. The fragments of mitochondrial genome were amplified with the universal primers (Simons et al., 1994) and consequently designed primers based on obtained sequences. The mitochondrial genome of C. hersilia is a circular molecule of 15,304 bp in length, containing typical 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (LrRNA and SrRNA) and 1 A + T-rich region, identical to those
Table 1. Organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of C. hersilia. Gene
Direction Met
tRNA tRNAIle tRNAGln ND2 tRNATrp tRNACys tRNATyr COI tRNALeu COII tRNALys tRNAAsp ATP8 ATP6 COIII tRNAGly ND3
F F R F F R R F F F F F F F F F F
Location 1–68 69–133 131–199 253–1266 1265–1332 1325–1389 1390–1454 1457–2987 2988–3054 3055–3727 3728–3798 3803–3869 3870–4034 4028–4705 4709–5497 5500–5565 5566–5919
Size (bp) 68 65 69 1014 68 65 65 1531 67 673 71 67 165 678 789 66 354
Anticodon 32–34CAT 98–100GAT 167–169TTG – 1297–1299TCA 1356–1358GCA 1421–1423GTA – 3018–3020TAA – 3758–3760AGA 3833–3835GTC – – – 5530–5532TCC –
Start codon
Stop codon
– – – ATT – – – CGA – ATG – – ATT ATG ATG – ATC
– – – TAA – – – T – T – – TAA TAA TAA – TAA (continued )
*Ying Lei and Chang Xu contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Rongjiang Wang, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China. Tel: 0086-10-62758121. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Y. Lei et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued Gene
Direction
Location
Size (bp)
Anticodon
Start codon
Stop codon
F F F F F R R R R R F R F F F R R R R R
5928–5996 5994–6062 6058–6123 6157–6215 6248–6321 6320–6386 6389–8129 8130–8196 8196–9535 9535–9825 9828–9893 9894–9958 9961–10,491 10,509–11,657 11,656–11,724 11,740–12,681 12,683–12,750 12,751–14,094 14,095–14,160 14,162–14,934 14,935–15,304
69 69 66 59 74 67 1741 67 1340 291 66 65 531 1149 69 942 68 1344 66 773 370
5959–5961TGC 6025–6027TCG 6089–6091GTT 6176–6178TCT 6282–6284TTC 6352–6354GAA – 8163–8165GTG – – 9859–9861TGT 9926–9928TGG – – 11689–11691TGA – 12719–12721TAG – 14127–14129TAC – –
– – – – – – ATT – ATG ATG – – ATG ATG – ATG – – – – –
– – – – – – T – TA TAA – – TAA TAA – TAA – – – – –
Downloaded by [Monash University Library] at 18:19 13 November 2015
Ala
tRNA tRNAArg tRNAAsn tRNASer tRNAGlu tRNAPhe ND5 tRNAHis ND4 ND4L tRNAThr tRNAPro ND6 CytB tRNASer ND1 tRNALeu LrRNA tRNAVal SrRNA A + T-rich region
of other butterflies (Table 1). The A + T content of C. hersilia is 81.6%, similar to those of the known lycaenid species (81.4–82.7%, Kim et al., 2006, 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). The arrangement of the mitochondrial genome is relatively loose. Besides the A + T-rich region, 15 intergenic spacers are dispersed throughout the whole genome, with the longest one measuring 53 bp. All the intergenic spacers add up to 178 bp, accounting for 1.2% of the mitochondrial genome. All PCGs are initiated by ATA or ATT codons, except for COI gene, which uses CGA as a start codon. Nine PCGs have complete stop codon (TAA), and the other four genes (COI, COII, ND5, ND4) end with incomplete stop codon TA or single nucleotide T. The A + T content of PCGs is 80.1%, which is relatively high in all known mitochondrial genome data of butterflies. An extra copy of tRNASer(AGN) was found in a lycaenid species, Corana raphaelis (Kim et al., 2006), but not found in other lycaenid species (Kim et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). It is not found in C. hersilia too. All tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure, except for tRNASer(AGN), lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The LrRNA and SrRNA are 1344 bp and 773 bp in length, with A + T content 85.9% and 85.3%, respectively. The non-coding A + T-rich region is 370 bp in length, located between the SrRNA and tRNAMet genes. This region includes a microsatellite-like repeats of (TA)9. The varying copy number of repeated AT or TA elements in the A + T-rich region was reported as a unique feature of insects (Zhang & Hewitt, 1997).
Nucleotide sequence accession number The complete genome sequence of C. hersilia has been assigned GenBank accession number NC_018049.
Declaration of interest This work was funded by the grants 30470286 and 30670332 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the project 6082012 supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
References de Jong R, Vane-Wright RI, Ackery PR. (1996). The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): Problems and prospects. Insect Syst Evol 27:65–101.
Heikkila¨ M, Kaila L, Mutanen M, Pen˜a C, Wahlberg N. (2012). Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies. Proc Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 279:1093–9. Kandul NP, Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV, Coleman JW, Sekercioglu CH, Haig D, Pierce NE. (2004). Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hu¨bner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) inferred from mtDNA sequences of COI and COII and nuclear sequences of EF1-a: Karyotype diversification and species radiation. Syst Biol 53:278–98. Kim I, Lee EM, Seol KY, Yun EY, Lee YB, Hwang JS, Jin BR. (2006). The mitochondrial genome of the Korean hairstreak, Coreana raphaelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Insect Mol Biol 15:217–25. Kim MI, Wan X, Kim MJ, Jeong HC, Ahn NH, Kim KG, Han YS, Kim I. (2010). Phylogenetics relationships of true butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) inferred from COI, 16S rRNA and EF-1a sequences. Mol Cells 30:409–25. Kim MJ, Kang AR, Jeong HC, Kim K, Kim I. (2011). Reconstructing intraordinal relationships in Lepidoptera using mitochondrial genome data with the description of two newly sequenced Lycaenids, Spindasis takanonis and Protantigius superans (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 61:436–45. Rand DB, Heath A, Suderman T, Pierce NE. (2000). Phylogeny and life history evolution of the genus Chrysoritis within the Aphnaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 17:85–96. Simons C, Frati F, Beckenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Floors P. (1994). Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Am 87:651–701. Wahlberg N. (2006). That awkward age for butterflies: Insights from the age of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae. Syst Biol 55:703–14. Wahlberg N, Leneveu J, Kodandaramaiah U, Pen˜a C, Nylin S, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. (2009). Nymphalid butterflies diversify following near demise at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Proc Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 276:4295–302. Zhang D, Hewitt GM. (1997). Insect mitochondrial control region: A review of its structure, evolution and usefulness in evolutionary studies. Biochem Syst Ecol 25:99–120. Zhang LL, Hao JS, Huang DY, Sun XY, Hao JJ, Peng CM, Yang Q. (2013a). Complete mitochondrial genomes of the Bright Sunbeam Curetis bulis and the Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and their phylogenetic implications. Genet Mol Res 12:4434–45. Zhang LL, Huang DY, Sun XY, Hao JS, Hao JJ, Peng CM, Yang Q. (2013b). The complete mitochondrial genome of Cupido argiades (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:475–7.
ISSN: 1940-1736 (Print) 1940-1744 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/imdn20
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Ying Lei, Chang Xu, Chongren Xu & Rongjiang Wang To cite this article: Ying Lei, Chang Xu, Chongren Xu & Rongjiang Wang (2014): The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), Mitochondrial DNA To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.880896
Published online: 04 Feb 2014.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 32
View related articles
View Crossmark data
Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=imdn20 Download by: [Monash University Library]
Date: 13 November 2015, At: 18:18
http://informahealthcare.com/mdn ISSN: 1940-1736 (print), 1940-1744 (electronic) Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2 ! 2014 Informa UK Ltd. DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.880896
MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Ying Lei*, Chang Xu*, Chongren Xu, and Rongjiang Wang
Downloaded by [Monash University Library] at 18:19 13 November 2015
College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
Abstract
Keywords
The complete mitochondrial genome of Celastrina hersilia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is determined in this work. The mitochondrial genome is 15,304 bp in length, which contains typical 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 1 non-coding A + T-rich region. All PCGs are initiated by ATA or ATT codons, except for COI, which uses CGA as a start codon. Four PCGs (COI, COII, ND5, and ND4) terminate with incomplete termination codons TA or T, while the others use TAA as stop codons. Most of the tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure. The A + T-rich region is 370 bp in length, which contains several features common to the other lepidopteran species.
Celastrina hersilia, Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, mitochondrial genome
Although butterflies and skippers are one of the best-studied groups of insects, the higher phylogeny of this group is still a controversial issue (de Jong et al., 1996; Wahlberg, 2006). Mitochondrial DNA, an important molecular marker, has been widely used in resolving the problem of phylogeny of butterflies and skippers (e.g. Heikkila¨ et al., 2012; Kim et al., 2010; Wahlberg et al., 2009). The mitochondrial COI and COII genes have been well used in phylogenetic and life history evolution studies in the family Lycaenidae (Kandul et al., 2004; Rand et al., 2000). For more comprehensive analysis, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences are needed (Kim et al., 2011). So far, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences have been determined
History Received 30 December 2013 Accepted 5 January 2014 Published online 4 February 2014
in six species of Lycaenidae (Kim et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Celastrina hersilia in Lycaenidae. The specimen was collected from Naitaizi in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang of China, in June, 2009. The fragments of mitochondrial genome were amplified with the universal primers (Simons et al., 1994) and consequently designed primers based on obtained sequences. The mitochondrial genome of C. hersilia is a circular molecule of 15,304 bp in length, containing typical 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (LrRNA and SrRNA) and 1 A + T-rich region, identical to those
Table 1. Organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of C. hersilia. Gene
Direction Met
tRNA tRNAIle tRNAGln ND2 tRNATrp tRNACys tRNATyr COI tRNALeu COII tRNALys tRNAAsp ATP8 ATP6 COIII tRNAGly ND3
F F R F F R R F F F F F F F F F F
Location 1–68 69–133 131–199 253–1266 1265–1332 1325–1389 1390–1454 1457–2987 2988–3054 3055–3727 3728–3798 3803–3869 3870–4034 4028–4705 4709–5497 5500–5565 5566–5919
Size (bp) 68 65 69 1014 68 65 65 1531 67 673 71 67 165 678 789 66 354
Anticodon 32–34CAT 98–100GAT 167–169TTG – 1297–1299TCA 1356–1358GCA 1421–1423GTA – 3018–3020TAA – 3758–3760AGA 3833–3835GTC – – – 5530–5532TCC –
Start codon
Stop codon
– – – ATT – – – CGA – ATG – – ATT ATG ATG – ATC
– – – TAA – – – T – T – – TAA TAA TAA – TAA (continued )
*Ying Lei and Chang Xu contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Rongjiang Wang, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China. Tel: 0086-10-62758121. E-mail: [email protected]
2
Y. Lei et al.
Mitochondrial DNA, Early Online: 1–2
Table 1. Continued Gene
Direction
Location
Size (bp)
Anticodon
Start codon
Stop codon
F F F F F R R R R R F R F F F R R R R R
5928–5996 5994–6062 6058–6123 6157–6215 6248–6321 6320–6386 6389–8129 8130–8196 8196–9535 9535–9825 9828–9893 9894–9958 9961–10,491 10,509–11,657 11,656–11,724 11,740–12,681 12,683–12,750 12,751–14,094 14,095–14,160 14,162–14,934 14,935–15,304
69 69 66 59 74 67 1741 67 1340 291 66 65 531 1149 69 942 68 1344 66 773 370
5959–5961TGC 6025–6027TCG 6089–6091GTT 6176–6178TCT 6282–6284TTC 6352–6354GAA – 8163–8165GTG – – 9859–9861TGT 9926–9928TGG – – 11689–11691TGA – 12719–12721TAG – 14127–14129TAC – –
– – – – – – ATT – ATG ATG – – ATG ATG – ATG – – – – –
– – – – – – T – TA TAA – – TAA TAA – TAA – – – – –
Downloaded by [Monash University Library] at 18:19 13 November 2015
Ala
tRNA tRNAArg tRNAAsn tRNASer tRNAGlu tRNAPhe ND5 tRNAHis ND4 ND4L tRNAThr tRNAPro ND6 CytB tRNASer ND1 tRNALeu LrRNA tRNAVal SrRNA A + T-rich region
of other butterflies (Table 1). The A + T content of C. hersilia is 81.6%, similar to those of the known lycaenid species (81.4–82.7%, Kim et al., 2006, 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). The arrangement of the mitochondrial genome is relatively loose. Besides the A + T-rich region, 15 intergenic spacers are dispersed throughout the whole genome, with the longest one measuring 53 bp. All the intergenic spacers add up to 178 bp, accounting for 1.2% of the mitochondrial genome. All PCGs are initiated by ATA or ATT codons, except for COI gene, which uses CGA as a start codon. Nine PCGs have complete stop codon (TAA), and the other four genes (COI, COII, ND5, ND4) end with incomplete stop codon TA or single nucleotide T. The A + T content of PCGs is 80.1%, which is relatively high in all known mitochondrial genome data of butterflies. An extra copy of tRNASer(AGN) was found in a lycaenid species, Corana raphaelis (Kim et al., 2006), but not found in other lycaenid species (Kim et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2013a,b). It is not found in C. hersilia too. All tRNA genes can be folded into a typical cloverleaf structure, except for tRNASer(AGN), lacking the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm. The LrRNA and SrRNA are 1344 bp and 773 bp in length, with A + T content 85.9% and 85.3%, respectively. The non-coding A + T-rich region is 370 bp in length, located between the SrRNA and tRNAMet genes. This region includes a microsatellite-like repeats of (TA)9. The varying copy number of repeated AT or TA elements in the A + T-rich region was reported as a unique feature of insects (Zhang & Hewitt, 1997).
Nucleotide sequence accession number The complete genome sequence of C. hersilia has been assigned GenBank accession number NC_018049.
Declaration of interest This work was funded by the grants 30470286 and 30670332 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the project 6082012 supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation. The authors report no conflicts of interest.
References de Jong R, Vane-Wright RI, Ackery PR. (1996). The higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera): Problems and prospects. Insect Syst Evol 27:65–101.
Heikkila¨ M, Kaila L, Mutanen M, Pen˜a C, Wahlberg N. (2012). Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies. Proc Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 279:1093–9. Kandul NP, Lukhtanov VA, Dantchenko AV, Coleman JW, Sekercioglu CH, Haig D, Pierce NE. (2004). Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hu¨bner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) inferred from mtDNA sequences of COI and COII and nuclear sequences of EF1-a: Karyotype diversification and species radiation. Syst Biol 53:278–98. Kim I, Lee EM, Seol KY, Yun EY, Lee YB, Hwang JS, Jin BR. (2006). The mitochondrial genome of the Korean hairstreak, Coreana raphaelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Insect Mol Biol 15:217–25. Kim MI, Wan X, Kim MJ, Jeong HC, Ahn NH, Kim KG, Han YS, Kim I. (2010). Phylogenetics relationships of true butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) inferred from COI, 16S rRNA and EF-1a sequences. Mol Cells 30:409–25. Kim MJ, Kang AR, Jeong HC, Kim K, Kim I. (2011). Reconstructing intraordinal relationships in Lepidoptera using mitochondrial genome data with the description of two newly sequenced Lycaenids, Spindasis takanonis and Protantigius superans (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 61:436–45. Rand DB, Heath A, Suderman T, Pierce NE. (2000). Phylogeny and life history evolution of the genus Chrysoritis within the Aphnaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 17:85–96. Simons C, Frati F, Beckenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Floors P. (1994). Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann Entomol Soc Am 87:651–701. Wahlberg N. (2006). That awkward age for butterflies: Insights from the age of the butterfly subfamily Nymphalinae. Syst Biol 55:703–14. Wahlberg N, Leneveu J, Kodandaramaiah U, Pen˜a C, Nylin S, Freitas AVL, Brower AVZ. (2009). Nymphalid butterflies diversify following near demise at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Proc Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 276:4295–302. Zhang D, Hewitt GM. (1997). Insect mitochondrial control region: A review of its structure, evolution and usefulness in evolutionary studies. Biochem Syst Ecol 25:99–120. Zhang LL, Hao JS, Huang DY, Sun XY, Hao JJ, Peng CM, Yang Q. (2013a). Complete mitochondrial genomes of the Bright Sunbeam Curetis bulis and the Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) and their phylogenetic implications. Genet Mol Res 12:4434–45. Zhang LL, Huang DY, Sun XY, Hao JS, Hao JJ, Peng CM, Yang Q. (2013b). The complete mitochondrial genome of Cupido argiades (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Mitochondrial DNA 24:475–7.
