ORIGINAL ARTICLES
December 2013 43. SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network, Carlo WA, Finer NN, Walsh MC, Rich W, Gantz MG, Laptook AR, et al. Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1959-69. 44. Montero JA, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Sanchis-Merino E, Perez-Martin S. Systemic beta-blockers may reduce the need for repeated intravitreal injec-
tions in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated by bevacizumab. Retina 2013;33:508-12. 45. Pieh C, Kr€ uger M, Lagreze WA, Gimpel C, Buschbeck C, Zirrgiebel U, et al. Plasma sE-selectin in premature infants: a possible surrogate marker of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:3709-13.
50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Quality of Medical Care: A Problem Eagle JF. J Pediatr 1963;63:1151-7
E
ven 50 years before the bleak picture outlined in 1963 by Eagle, the quality of healthcare in the US had been a point of candid debate and uncertainty that was mostly neglected by health professionals. Attention began with 2 reports in the 1910s: the Report to the Carnegie Foundation from Abraham Flexner, encouraged by the American Medical Association, and the report from Ernest Codman at Boston’s Massachusetts General Hospital, in which the deplorable state of medical schools and hospitals was described and the urgent need for change emphasized.1 Although the former report had a greater public impact, the latter led the American College of Surgeons to establish the Hospital Standardization Program in 1917, which eventually gave birth in 1952 to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals when the American College of Physicians, American Hospital Association, and Canadian Medical Association joined this effort. At the time that Eagle wrote this article, only minimal standards were required of hospitals, including a wellorganized hospital staff, licensed physicians, regular staff meetings and reviews, good medical records, and supervised diagnostic and treatment facilities. It was not until 1966 that Abedis Donabedian redefined and clarified how to emeasure quality in healthcare in his classic 3-category framework comprising structure, process, and outcome, a model that remains valid today.2 The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was created on December 19, 1989, and changed its name to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on December 6, 1999. Since its inception, this agency has generated a series of reports that are a must read for all health professionals. A truly important change since 1963 is in the way in which US academies and health organizations view health quality improvement in a globalized world, where equity and governance for better health are issues of paramount importance. Carlos A. Cuello-Garcia, MD Center for Evidence-Based Practice Monterrey Institute of Technology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Institute of Pediatrics Zambrano-Hellion Hospital Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
References
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.004
1. Luce JM, Bindman AB, Lee PR. A brief history of health care quality assessment and improvement in the United States. West J Med 1994;160:263-8. 2. Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1966;44(Suppl):166-206.
Oral Propranolol for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Risks, Safety Concerns, and Perspectives
1577
December 2013 43. SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network, Carlo WA, Finer NN, Walsh MC, Rich W, Gantz MG, Laptook AR, et al. Target ranges of oxygen saturation in extremely preterm infants. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1959-69. 44. Montero JA, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Sanchis-Merino E, Perez-Martin S. Systemic beta-blockers may reduce the need for repeated intravitreal injec-
tions in patients with age-related macular degeneration treated by bevacizumab. Retina 2013;33:508-12. 45. Pieh C, Kr€ uger M, Lagreze WA, Gimpel C, Buschbeck C, Zirrgiebel U, et al. Plasma sE-selectin in premature infants: a possible surrogate marker of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:3709-13.
50 Years Ago in THE JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Quality of Medical Care: A Problem Eagle JF. J Pediatr 1963;63:1151-7
E
ven 50 years before the bleak picture outlined in 1963 by Eagle, the quality of healthcare in the US had been a point of candid debate and uncertainty that was mostly neglected by health professionals. Attention began with 2 reports in the 1910s: the Report to the Carnegie Foundation from Abraham Flexner, encouraged by the American Medical Association, and the report from Ernest Codman at Boston’s Massachusetts General Hospital, in which the deplorable state of medical schools and hospitals was described and the urgent need for change emphasized.1 Although the former report had a greater public impact, the latter led the American College of Surgeons to establish the Hospital Standardization Program in 1917, which eventually gave birth in 1952 to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals when the American College of Physicians, American Hospital Association, and Canadian Medical Association joined this effort. At the time that Eagle wrote this article, only minimal standards were required of hospitals, including a wellorganized hospital staff, licensed physicians, regular staff meetings and reviews, good medical records, and supervised diagnostic and treatment facilities. It was not until 1966 that Abedis Donabedian redefined and clarified how to emeasure quality in healthcare in his classic 3-category framework comprising structure, process, and outcome, a model that remains valid today.2 The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was created on December 19, 1989, and changed its name to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on December 6, 1999. Since its inception, this agency has generated a series of reports that are a must read for all health professionals. A truly important change since 1963 is in the way in which US academies and health organizations view health quality improvement in a globalized world, where equity and governance for better health are issues of paramount importance. Carlos A. Cuello-Garcia, MD Center for Evidence-Based Practice Monterrey Institute of Technology School of Medicine and Health Sciences Institute of Pediatrics Zambrano-Hellion Hospital Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
References
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.004
1. Luce JM, Bindman AB, Lee PR. A brief history of health care quality assessment and improvement in the United States. West J Med 1994;160:263-8. 2. Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1966;44(Suppl):166-206.
Oral Propranolol for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Risks, Safety Concerns, and Perspectives
1577
